.Silwa Nempatho Yabantu Abangenamakhaya
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Ngu-Willene Holness no-Janine Hicks
Mhla zi-3 kuMbasa ngonyaka wezi-2019, i-Supreme Court of Appeal kwelikaNgomane & others v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality & another (734/2017) [2018] ZASCA 57 yasola iDolobha laseGoli ngendlela eliphatha ngayo abantu abangenamakhaya. Kunequlu labantu okwasekuphele iminyaka emine behlala ngaphansi kwebhuluho, bebeka kulo izimpahla zabo nezinto abalala ngazo emini. IDolobha- elabika ukuthi babevimbe unqenqema futhi kuzalela ubugebengu kuleyo ndawo- layikhuculula, lathatha izimpahla, layibhidliza leyo ndawo yabangenamakhaya ababehlala kuyo.
Inkantolo yanquma ukuthi indlela amaPhoyisa kaMasipala enza ngayo nokubhidliza indawo yabangenamakhaya yayingekho emthethweni futhi iphambene nomthethosisekelo. Inkantolo yakugcizelela ukuthi abantu abangenamakhaya banelungelo lokuhlonishwa njengabantu nokuthi akufanele baphucwe izimpahla zabo. Inkantolo yathi ‘ukuziphatha kwabamangalelwa kwakungagcini ngokwephula amalungelo abamangali, kodwa futhi kwakunokungabahloniphi, kubathunaza. Kusobala ukuthi lokhu kwabaphatha kabi kwaphula ilungelo labo lokuhlonishwa nokuvikelwa njengabantu ’.
Akufanele sithuse lesi sinqumo ngenxa yokuthi njalo inkantolo ezimweni ezifanayo inquma ukuthi azikho emthethweni. Isibonelo ecaleni likaMakwickana v Ethekwini Municipality and Others 2015 (3) SA 165 (KZD), iNkantolo eNkulu yaseThekwini yanquma ukuthi ukuthatha kwaMaphoyisa kaMasipala impahla yabahwebi ngokwemithetho yedolobha akuhambisani nomthethosisekelo. Ngonyaka wezi-2009, iNkantolo eNkulu yaseThekwini yanquma ukuthi kumiswe ukugcinwa kwemithetho yezimvume zokuhweba kwabaphusha izigadla eMakethe, ngenkathi kuhlongozwa ukwakhiwa kwenxanxathela yezitolo e-Early Morning Market. Ngenhlanhla, lezi zinyathelo zomthetho zamisa ukwakhiwa kwenxanxathela yezitolo okwakuzogudluza izinkulungwane zabahwebi, balahlekelwe yisinkwa nemindeni yabo elinganiselwa kuzi-70 000.
Zonke lezi zinqumo zicacisa ngokusobala ukuthi omasipala kufanele bashintshe indlela abenza ngayo izinto ekulawuleni indaba yabantu abangenamakhaya nabahwebi basemgwaqweni, okubonisa ukuthi omasipala basalandela kakhulu imithetho yobandlululo engasahambisani nakancane nezimo zesikhathi samanje futhi ephikisana nomthethosisekelo.
I-Navi Pillay Research Group (i-NRPG) yase-UKZN eSikoleni Sezomthetho ikhathazekile ngokuthi uMasipala waseThekwini uyaqhubeka nokulandela imithetho yedolobha engaphusile ukuhlukumeza nokubandlulula abantu abangenamakhaya. Lokhu kubonakala ocwaningweni olusanda kwenziwa yi-Human Sciences Research Council, emibikweni yocwaningo lwamaphephandaba naku-Carte Blanche, nasezinsolweni zomsebenzi womphakathi ze-Denis Hurley Centre eyenza umsebenzi wokulwa nenselelo yabangenamakhaya.
Indlela imithetho yedolobha ebhalwe ngayo yenza kube semseni yezikhulu zikamasipala namaphoyisa ukunquma ukuthi yini ‘ukuphepha komphakathi’ nokuthi yiziphi izenzo ‘eziwukuyaluza’ noma ‘ukungabinakhaya’ njengokuchama, ukugeza nokulala emphakathini. Ngenxa yalokhu, sekuke kwaqubuka izinsolo nemibiko yezikhulu zikamasipala zibopha ngokungekho emthethweni, zihlukumeza, zigwazisa abaswele njengabo abangenamakhaya, abaqwayizi, abahwebi basemgwaqweni, nezingane eziyimihambima ngezindlela ezingekho emthethweni kepha ngenxa nje yokuthi ziyakwazi ukukwenza.
I-NRPG ikhathazeke kakhulu ngemikhankaso okuthiwa ‘eyokukhuculula’ evame ukwenzeka uma kunezingqungquthela nemicimbi yomhlaba lapho kuthathwa khona izingane eziyimihambima nabantu abangenamakhaya bayolahlwa kude. Isinqumo senkantolo kwelikaNgomane sisibonisa ukuthi izenzo ezinjengalezi ziwukucwasa okuphambene nomthetho nokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu akumthethosisekelo, afanele wonke umuntu kungakhathalekile ukuthi ungubani. Imithetho yedolobha kaMasipala, inqubo yezenzo okubhebhezela ukucwaswa kwabantu abampofu, njengabangenamakhaya, kuphambene nomthethosisekelo.
Kusobala ukuthi sidinga ukushintsha indlela esibhekana ngayo nezinselelo zomphakathi nezinhlobo zabantu ezihlukene ezihlala nezisebenza emadolobheni ethu. Indlela yamanje, egxile emithethweni yedolobha, ikhombisa indlela umthetho obuka ngayo izinkinga zomphakathi. Le ndlela inomphumela wokuphendula abantu abampofu nabangenamakhaya izigebengu ngokubanqabela ukuba bahambebecela futhi bezulazula, bethatha izinyathelo ezilwa nokungabinakhaya. Umbuzo omkhulu uthi: Ingabe amadolobha abahlukanisa kanjani abantu abangafani njengezakhamuzi, abahwebayo bese iwahlonipha kanjani amalungelo abo, ikakhulu alabo abavame ukuhlukunyezwa njengabahwebi basemgwaqweni, abantu abangenamakhaya, izingane eziyimihambima nabadayisa ngomzimba?
I-NPRG icela kuthuthukiswe indlela ebhekelela amalungelo abantu, kungabi nje umsebenzi wezomthetho noma wosonhlalakahle. Uhulumeni ubophezelwe uMthethosisekelo nezivumelwano eziningi zomhlaba ukuthi ubeke phambili izidingo zomphakathi, ikakhulu abantu abampofu, bese iba nezindlela zokubhekana nemibangela yokungabinakhaya, baqinisekise namalungelo abantu, njengelungelo lendawo yokuhlala, ukudla, amanzi, ukuzikhulula, izidingo zezempilo, ezenhlalakahle nezemfundo. Lo mgomo usuke wahlolwa futhi wasetshenziswa ezinkantolo, wabophozela omasipala ukuthi bagcwalise ilungelo lezentuthuko, lihlinzeke ngezidingo zenhlalakahle kulabo abaswele ‘ngokubanakekela, inhlonipho nesithunzi’ njengasecaleni likaDladla v City of Johannesburg [2017] ZACC 42.
EThekwini nakwamanye amadolobha, ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokuhlala nezokukhosela kubalulekile. Izinkinga zomphakathi ongenamakhaya kufanele zishintshe; abantu abazikhetheli ukungahlali ngaphansi kophahla, ububha nokuphucwa isithunzi. Sithi le ndaba ifaka namabhizinisi akhala ngobugebengu ‘bemihambima’, ahlale efuna ukugudluza ‘lezi zibi’ ezindaweni zabo. KwelikaNgomane, kwakungamabhizinisi aba yimbangela yokuthi kususwe abantu.
Sithi bonke abahlala emingceleni yamadolobha ethu mabanikwe ilungelo lokuhlonishwa abalinikwa wuMthethosisekelo. Lokhu kuzodinga ushintsho olunqala kunqubomgomo nomthetho. Kuzophinde kudinge ulwazi olunzulu kwiziphathimandla zedolobha, okubalwa kuzo amaphoyisa, umphakathi, ukuthi baqonde ukuthi ilungelo lokuhlala edolobheni elabo bonke abahlala khona.
U-Willene Holness no-Janine Hicks bafundisa eSikolweni Sezomthetho e-UKZN. Lapha babhala isiqu sabo njengamalungu e-Navi Pillay Research Group (i-NRPG). I-NRPG, enabafundisa eSikolweni Sezomthetho, ihlose ukubheka izinselelo zobuhlanga, ukungalingani, ubulili nokukhubazeka eNingizimu Afrika entsha ngocwaningo, umthetho nokushintsha imithetho.
*Isithombe sika-Janine Hicks sithunyelwe yi-Independent Newspapers