Ucwaningo Luveza Imiphumela Yokuhlala Ngasezindaweni Zokulahla Udoti

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Ithimba lososayensi basemhlabeni, okukhona kulona nabacwaningi base-UKZN, lithole ukuthi abantu abahlala eduze kwezindawo zokulahla udoti baphathwa yizifo eziningi eziwundendende.

Ucwaningo lwaleli thimba luthole nokuthi ngokusondela kwabantu ezindaweni zokulahla udoti ayanda amathuba okuphathwa yisifuba, i-TB, isifo sikashukela, nokhwantalala.

Lolu cwaningo olubizwa ngokuthi: Exposure to Waste Sites and their Impact on Health: a Panel and Geospatial Analysis of Nationally Representative Data from South Africa, 2008-2015 lusanda kushicilelwa ebhukwini locwaningo i-Lancet Planet Health.

Ososayensi bathole imininingwane yocwaningo lweminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ye-South African National Income yabantu abayizi-32 255. Kule mininingwane bekukhona isimo sezempilo zabantu abahlala eduze kwezindawo zokulahla udoti ngokuthola kwe-South African National Income Dynamics Study.

UDkt Mitsuaki (Andrew) Tomita wase-UKZN obehola ucwaningo uthe: ‘Phakathi kowezi-2008 nowezi-2015 sabona kwanda indlela yokusondela kwabantu ezindaweni zokulahla udoti. Ibanga lokusondela kwemizi yabantu lancipha lisuka kuma-68km lafinyelela kuma-8.5km ngesikhathi socwaningo. Sathola ukuthi kwanda amathuba okuphathwa yisifuba, i-TB, isifo sikashukela nokhwantalala ebantwini abahlala ebangeni elingama-5km ezindawo zokulahla udoti.’

NgokoMnyango Wezemvelo, iNingizimu Afrika isenkingeni yokulahlwa kukadoti njengoba ungamaphesenti ayishumi kuphela udoti ogayelwa ukuthi uphinde usebenziseke kanti ungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-98 olahlwa ezindaweni zokulahla udoti minyaka yonke. ‘U-Pro Vice-Chancellor we-African Cities of the Future, uSolwazi Rob Slotow uphawule wathi: ‘Ukwanda kwesikali sikadoti esilibonayo eNingizimu Afrika kukhathaza kakhulu. Izindawo zokulahla udoti zifukamela amagundwane athwala izifo zesifuba kanti izinto ezingcolisa umoya njengentuthu yokushisiwe kungadala izifo zesifuba kungcolise namanzi okungadala izifo.’

USolwazi Jonathan Burns, owayeyiNhloko ye-Psychiatry nongusolwazi wokuhlonishwa kwi-Psychiatry e-University of Exeter e-United Kingdom uthe: ‘ENingizimu Afrika yobandlululo, ngenxa yezinqubo zezemvelo ezinobandlululo, abantu abamnyama baphucwa umhlaba wabo, bayohlaliswa ezindaweni imvamisa ezazisemaphandleni nasezindaweni ezisemadolobheni eziseduze nalapho kulahlwa khona udoti. Ingozi yomoya ongcolile wasezindaweni zokulahla udoti ngeyeminyaka eminingi, ikakhulu kulabo abahlala eduze nezindawo ezinjalo ababengakwazi ukuzikhethela izindawo abangahlala kuzona eNingizimu Afrika engaphambi kwentando yabantu. Okunye ngukuthi abantu abahlala eduze kwezindawo zokulahla udoti bakhala ngephunga, ukungcola nokwehla kwamanani ezindlu, nako okwandisa usizi lwale miphakathi.’

Ososayensi baphakamise indlela esebenzayo yokubhekana nale nkinga yokwanda kwezindawo zokulahla udoti eNingizimu Afrika ukuphucula impilo nenhlalakahle yabantu ngokwezimiso zentuthuko. U-Tomita wengeze ngokuthi: ‘Sabona izinkinga zezempilo eziningi ebantwini abahlala eduze kwezindawo zokulahla udoti, okuphambene namalungelo abantu ngokomthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika (iSahluko 24, okuyilungelo labantu lokuthi bangahlali endaweni eyingozi empilweni yabo noma kubona). Ngaphezu kwaloko ukuxhumana nokugula ngekhanda kukhomba umphumela ongemuhle kumuntu ohlala eduze kwezindawo zikadoti, okuthinta ubulungiswa kwezenhlalo nenhlalakahle.’

U-Slotow uphawule wathi: ‘Emazweni asathuthuka kumqoka ukuthi kubhekwe indaba yamalungelo abantu amqoka, kubhekwe izinqumo ezithinta ezentuthuko yezomnotho. Abakhiqizi bakadoti (izinkampani noma amazwe) kufanele baqonde ngokuphelele, bakale baphinde bathwale ijoka lezindleko zokukhiqiza udoti, ikakhulukazi umthwalo osemahlombe wemiphakathi ehlale eduze kwezindawo zokulahla udoti. Sifisa ukugcizelela isidingo sokubeka phambili ukuhlinzeka ngezempilo emiphakathini ehlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala udoti kanjalo nokunciphisa isikali sikadoti okhiqizwayo ukunciphisa umonakalo owudala empilweni yabantu nenhlalakahle.

Kwabanye abacwaningi bekukhona uSolwazi wase-UKZN u-Frank Tanser onguSosayensi we-Africa Health Research Institute (i-AHRI) noSolwazi eMnyangweni Wezempilo Yabantu e-London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; noDkt Diego F. Cuadros wase-University of Cincinnati eMelika.

Amagama: ngu-MaryAnn Francis

Isithombe: Sithunyelwe