Ucwaningo Ngokuphela Kwendawo Yokuhlala Amanqe Amakhulu Emhlabeni Luvelele Ngowezi-2021

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Ucwaningo lukaDkt Everton Miranda, obenza iziqu zobudokotela e-School of Life Sciences e-UKZN lushise izikhotha ngonyaka wama-2021 ngokuveza isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuvikela ihlathi ukuhlenga izinto eziyigugu ezidingeka ukuvikela inqe elikhulu emhlabeni, i-Harpia harpyja e-Amazon, eNingizimu Melika, kanti luphakathi kwamaphepha ocwaningo ngemvelo ayi-100 emaphepheni ocwaningo acela kwayi-2 000 ashicilelwe kwi-Nature’s Scientific Reports.

U-Miranda, ongumfundisi eState University eBrazil e-Mato Grosso, uthweswe iziqu zobudokotela e-UKZN ngoNhlaba wama-2021 ngemva kokwenza ucwaningo nge-Centre for Functional Biodiversity ngokwenza iqhinga lokuvikela inqe lase-Amazon Forest.

U-Miranda ubelulekwa ngocwaningo wuSolwazi Colleen Downs, i-South African Research (SARChI) Chair in Ecosystem Health and Biodiversity in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape noSolwazi Carlos Peres wase-University of East Anglia eNgilandi. Ucwaningo lwabo kwi-Scientific Reports lubheke izinto ezingaholela ekushabalaleni kwale nyoni ezingelayo yase-Amazon.

Lolu cwaningo olusihloko sithi: Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles, bekungelokuqala ukubheka umphumela wokushabalala kwehlathi empilweni yale nyoni. Ukushoda kwezinto ezidliwa yile nyoni kuvame ukuyixosha lapho ihlala khona, okusho ukuthi uma amandla ayo okuzingela engavikelekile, isengozini yokushabalala.

Ngemuva kokubheka amathambo nokusebenzisa amakhamera ukubheka izidleke zamanqe eziyi-16 emahlathini ase-Mato Grosso ayeselahlekelwe angama-85% ehlathi ngokwezithombe ze-satellite, ucwaningo luka-Miranda luveze ukuthi ngokwezinga eliqhubekayo lokuphela kwehlathi ‘i-Arc of Deforestation’ yase-Amazon ngeke ikwazi ukuhlenga izinyoni ezizalelayo.

Izinyoni ezizalelayo sezehle ngezi-3 000 kusukela maphakathi neminyaka yama-1980 kanti ngokwezinga eliphansi lokuzalela kwazo, ikusasa lezinyoni lisengozini.

Lolu cwaningo oluqhakanjiswe ezinkundleni zomhlaba, njenge-BBC News, luthole ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezi zinyoni luphila ngezilwane ezinamathambo njengezinkawu nezinyoni zehlathi eliphila ngokuzidla. Uma kushabalala izindawo ezihlala lezi zilwane nalezi zilwane - amanqe athuthela ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ezindaweni ezinjalo ezingenamahlathi, izinyoni zigcina ziswele ukudla.

Kulezo zindawo, amachwane amanqe agcina ebulawa yindlala noma awakwazi ukukhuliswa aze akwazi ukuzimela kanti ama-70% ezindawo esiphelelwe ngamahlathi azibi khona izidleke nokuzalela.

Endaweni ecwaningiwe, kusele ihlathi elingama-65% ngemuva kokugawulwa kwamahlathi okwenzeke eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, okuyisibalo esikhathazayo nokho.

Ukuze kuvikeleke lolu hlobo lwenqe, abacwaningi bathi kudingeka indawo eyihlathi engama-50% e-Amazon. Uma bandisa imiphumela, balinganise ukuthi indawo eyingxenye entathu kwengama-428 800km² ‘ye-Arc of Deforestation’ yendawo abayicwaningile ngeke zikwazi ukuphila kuyona lezi zinyoni.

U-Miranda uthi isikhathi esincane sokuzalela kwamanqe kusho ukuthi mancane amathuba okusinda kwawo, baphetha ngokuthi ukuxhumana nehlathi, ukuthutha amachwane nokwandisa ukudla kwamachwane kumqoka ekutheni lezi zinyoni ziphile endaweni esishintshile.

Nakuba kunomqondo othi amanqe ayingozi ebantwini nasemfuyweni, okuholela ekubulaweni kwalezi zinyoni, okubalulwe ocwaningweni luka-Miranda, buncane ubufakazi obuveza ukuthi amanqe adla imfuyo ezindaweni ezingenamahlathi kanti ukubulawa kwawo kwenza isimo sibe nzima kakhulu.

Ucwaningo luphakamise ukuthi kube nemizamo yokuhlenga amahlathi ngokushesha ukuvikela amachwane amanqe isibalo sawo esigxile emahlathini ase-Amazon esinciphe ngama-40% kusukela ngeminyaka yama-2000.

Amagama: wu-Christine Cuénod

Isithombe: Sithunyelwe