Tears of Joy for Domestic Worker as Son Graduates Cum Laude in Medicine
Dr Andile Mkhungo celebrates graduating with his MBChB cum laude in style.Tears of joy marked a proud milestone for Dr Andile Mkhungo and his family when he graduated cum laude with an MBChB from the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s (UKZN’s) Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine.
For his mother, Ms Philile Mkhungo, a domestic worker who supported his journey through years of sacrifice and perseverance, the day was especially meaningful - one she described as “a day that the Lord has made”.
Born in the rural Jolivet community in KwaZulu-Natal and raised in informal settlements in Umlazi’s D Section in eThekwini, Mkhungo understood from a young age that education would be his ultimate key to success.
“Graduating as one of the top students in the MBChB programme is one of the proudest moments of my life,” Mkhungo said, adding that achieving his degree cum laude has always been a dream of his “because it represents the dedication, discipline, and perseverance I poured into my six-year Medical journey.”
Mkhungo said the achievement reflected countless hours of studying, personal sacrifices, and unwavering determination to pursue excellence in Medicine. “My greatest inspiration has always been my mother. I watched her work tirelessly to ensure that I could pursue my childhood dream of becoming a doctor.”
“Growing up in the squatter settlements of Umlazi exposed me to many social and economic challenges, but it also became the very motivation that pushed me to work harder. I knew that education would be the key to transforming my family’s circumstances and giving back to the community that raised me.”
Mkhungo’s passion for helping others was deeply shaped by personal experience. “Losing my grandmother at a young age due to complications of diabetes had a profound impact on my life. Witnessing how chronic illness can affect families inspired me to pursue Medicine and dedicate my life to caring for patients with similar conditions.”
Mkhungo said he aspired to specialise in internal medicine, with the goal of eventually sub-specialising in endocrinology or gastroenterology, where he can contribute to improving the management of chronic diseases.
Mkhungo is currently serving as a medical intern at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital - the largest hospital in Southern Africa and one of the largest hospitals in the world.
“Working in such a demanding and dynamic environment has been both humbling and empowering, as it exposes me daily to complex clinical cases and reinforces my commitment to becoming a compassionate and competent physician.”
Mkhungo said one of the most fulfilling experiences during his time as a student in UKZN’s College of Health Sciences (CHS) was serving as an academic mentor to junior students.
“Being able to support and guide others on their academic journeys was incredibly meaningful to me. Watching my mentees grow, succeed, and celebrate their achievements reminded me of the importance of mentorship and paying forward the support that I once received. My favourite rotation has always been internal medicine. I am fascinated by the complexity and diversity of the field, which requires continuous learning and critical thinking. Internal medicine challenges me intellectually while also allowing me to build meaningful relationships with patients over time.”
Mkhungo reflected on his training, noting that he had the privilege of learning from remarkable clinicians such as Professor Bilkish Cassim, Professor Ayesha Motala, Dr Fraser Pirie, Dr Ashraff Moosa, Dr Nokwazi Shandu, and Dr Onke Nonkala, as well as his ‘favourite’ mentors, Dr Sandile Kubheka and Dr Thabani Nkwanyana, whom he said continue to guide and inspire him. “Through their mentorship, I truly discovered my sense of belonging in Internal Medicine.”
“I was born in Hluthankungu in Highflats but grew up in Umlazi, where I completed my matric at Zwelibanzi High School. I graduated from high school with seven distinctions and an overall aggregate of 90%, an achievement that marked the beginning of my academic journey towards Medicine.”
Mkhungo said the journey to becoming a doctor was not without challenges. “Coming from a disadvantaged background meant that I often had to overcome financial and social barriers. However, these challenges never discouraged me; instead, they strengthened my resilience and determination. I remained focused on my goals, worked diligently, and constantly reminded myself why I started this journey. With the support of my family, mentors, and faith, I was able to persevere through difficult moments and emerge stronger. These experiences shaped me into the person and doctor I am becoming today.”
Mkhungo’s greatest pillars of support throughout his life have remained his mother and aunt, Ms Ayanda Mkhungo-Fakazi. “Their sacrifices, encouragement, and unwavering belief in my potential gave me the strength to keep pushing forward even during the most difficult times.”
Mkhungo’s personal motto is: “If you don’t do it, no one will do it for you”, which he said reminded him to take ownership of his dreams and to work relentlessly toward achieving them.
Going forward, Mkhungo aspires to continue expanding his Medical knowledge and eventually specialise in Internal Medicine, although he has also developed a strong appreciation for Radiology. “Beyond my professional aspirations, one of my personal goals is to complete the legendary Comrades Marathon, which represents endurance, discipline, and perseverance - values that resonate deeply with my journey. In my spare time, I enjoy running, which helps me maintain balance, discipline, and mental clarity while navigating the demands of a career in Medicine.”
Reflecting on my journey, becoming a doctor is more than just a personal achievement, but it represents hope, resilience, and the power of perseverance. My story is a reminder that one’s background does not determine one’s future. I hope that my journey can inspire young people from communities like Umlazi and other disadvantaged areas to believe that their dreams are valid and achievable. As I continue my career in Medicine, I remain committed not only to providing excellent patient care but also to uplifting and inspiring the next generation of healthcare professionals,” Mkhungo said.
Words: Lunga Memela
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .Dean Commends UKZN’s Top MBChB Graduates for Outstanding Academic Achievement
Twenty-seven brilliant minds. One extraordinary achievement.Dean and Head of the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s (UKZN’s ) School of Medicine, Professor Refiloe Masekela, said: “It is with immense pride and heartfelt congratulations that I acknowledge the outstanding achievement of the 27 summa cum laude graduates from the School of Clinical Medicine.”
Masekela said this remarkable accomplishment reflected exceptional academic excellence, discipline, perseverance, and an unwavering commitment to the highest standards of scholarship. “You have distinguished yourselves not only through your intellect, but through your dedication to mastering a profession founded on service, compassion, and excellence.”
She added: “On behalf of the School, I commend each of you for reaching this significant milestone. Your achievement is a testament to your hard work, the support of your families, mentors, and peers, and the academic environment that has nurtured your success. As you progress into the next chapter of your careers, may you carry forward the values of integrity, humility, leadership, and service to society.”
This cohort represented the very best of UKZN, Masekela said.
“We are confident that you will go on to make meaningful contributions to healthcare, research, and the communities you will serve. Congratulations on this exceptional achievement - we celebrate your success with great pride.”
The graduates, who leave the UKZN community, their parents, guardians, friends and various support structures with a deep sense of pride, are: Drs Aisha Ibrahim Al Tayeb Ahmed, Mishkah Arbee, Fanelesibonge Buthelezi, Thashni Chhagan, Zuhaira Dawood, Sibusisiwe Sindiswa Gcwensa, Shweta Harilal, Ahmed Jajbhay, Ridwaan Jogiat, Sauvira Jugath, Nothando Khambule, Rameez Khan, Maryam Mahomed, Maryam Mahomed, Lithemba Matiwane, Wisden Elijah Naidoo, Denata Nadasen Naidoo, Tamara Naidoo, Yashlin Nadesen Odayar, Hamzah Osman, Khadija Paruk, Abdullah Reeaz Paruk, Braden Matthew, Thomas Pillay, Deshana Ponnan, Devashen Reddy, Divesh Singaram, and Rachel van der Westhuizen.
The Class of 2026 is now undertaking internships at various tertiary hospitals across South Africa.
Words: Lunga Memela
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .Dr Roxanne Pillay Studies Impact of Hookworm Co-Infection on Women’s Health
Dr Roxanne Pillay graduated with a PhD in Medical Microbiology.Simple interventions, like regular adult deworming, could have far-reaching benefits for public health.
This is one of the key messages from Dr Roxanne Pillay’s PhD research in Medical Microbiology, which explored how hookworm infection influences herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), a common sexually transmitted viral infection, and the potential development of cervical cancer.
Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), or parasitic worms such as hookworms, suppress the body’s immune system. This makes an infected person more susceptible to unrelated infections. There is already evidence demonstrating that STHs dampen host immune responses and increase susceptibility to sexually transmitted viral infections, such as HIV and Human Papillomavirus (HPV). However, the relationship between STHs and HSV-2 remains largely underexplored.
While there is no epidemiological or immunological data on hookworm and HSV-2 co-infections in humans, a landmark animal study has shown that prior hookworm infection worsens HSV-2 infection in the female genital tract (FGT). Using this model, Pillay investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying hookworm and HSV-2 co-infection in the FGT. Her research focused on how co-infection impacts microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression patterns, and how these changes may influence FGT immune responses and potentially contribute to the development of cervical cancer.
“This work is particularly relevant in Africa, where distribution of these pathogens overlaps, and co-infections are likely,” Pillay says. “Hookworm/HSV-2 co-infection may have important implications for female reproductive health. For example, we have shown that co-infection suppresses miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in ways that influence FGT immune responses and enrich cancer-related pathways.”
Pillay’s interest in medical laboratory science began in high school in Umzinto, KwaZulu-Natal. “I’ve always enjoyed the complexity of science,” she says. “Our work directly impacts patients’ lives through research that helps shape better treatment interventions. And for us, behind every blood sample is a patient - a human being whose life we are trying to improve. That makes our work very purposeful.”
Pillay has warm reciprocal relationships with her supervisors. “It’s been a privilege working with Professor Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana and Dr Pragalathan Naidoo,” she says. “They have been instrumental in my development as an academic and woman in research.”
Co-supervisor Naidoo said, “Roxanne was a pleasure to co-supervise. She is not only a dedicated and meticulous researcher but also a person of sterling character - respectful, receptive to guidance, and genuinely collaborative. Her research accolades are a direct reflection of her hard work, integrity, and scholarly excellence.”
Award-winning Mkhize-Kwitshana is equally enthusiastic: “Roxanne was one of my best students, and she has explored something significant. Studies of parasites in adults are neglected; they are seen as childhood conditions. But in Africa, worm infections are rife, and re-infection is common. Parasites suppress the immune system of the host; that renders the infected host not only more susceptible to chronic conditions like HIV, tuberculosis and cancer, but makes them harder to treat. Once the infection is in the intestinal tract, it affects all related systems, which is why Roxanne’s work is so important - it looks at how hookworms affect the female reproductive tract, which is largely under-studied.”
Words: Matthew Hattingh
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .Young Professor Bestowed with Top Teaching Award at UKZN Graduations
Recipient of the Distinguished Teachers’ Award, Professor Andile Khathi. The University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) bestowed its prestigious Distinguished Teachers’ Award on Professor Andile Khathi (38) at a College of Health Sciences (CHS) Graduation ceremony held this week.
An exceptional educator, trailblazer in prediabetes research - a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis - and Academic Leader for Human Physiology and Anatomy, Khathi described receiving the award as “something unbelievable”! He said he dedicates the award to his entire family, who have supported his journey from the very beginning.
Khathi said his journey into academia was inspired by his family. “I come from a long line of teachers. Whether it’s in the classroom, on the sports field, or in church, my family loves studying and teaching. So, when I discovered human physiology, I had a feeling I had found a place where I could do that too and make a difference, laying the foundation for a career defined by passion, purpose, and impact.”
At the heart of his work lies a teaching philosophy grounded in “making the work seem as simple as possible”, which has evolved over time to reflect the changing needs of students and the broader health landscape. Khathi said, “I try to think of examples that students will relate to, something they’ve seen. Then I use that to explain it in a way that they’ll understand. The process shouldn’t be about teaching everything afresh. It should be about helping the student understand something they’ve seen before and use that knowledge to understand other things as well.”
Reflecting on what makes an exceptional educator, Khathi emphasised: “Creating a comfortable environment in the classroom is very important. We deal with passionate students from diverse backgrounds, so once students see that you’re passionate about what you do and they feel that you understand their backgrounds, they become interested in what you have to say. Also, once students see that you’re not just reading facts that they can read on their own, the process becomes a conversation rather than them just listening.” He noted that effective teaching extends beyond subject expertise to include empathy, adaptability, and a deep commitment to student success.
His research interests in human physiology and anatomy continue to address critical issues such as prediabetes, reinforcing the link between teaching, research, and societal impact.
Despite the demands of academia, Khathi remains deeply motivated to make a difference in society and hopes that students leave UKZN not only with a qualification but with the knowledge that they have a responsibility to generate new knowledge. “UKZN gives you knowledge that’s already out there. It is your responsibility to use that knowledge to generate new knowledge through research in your field and in your communities. In that way, knowledge keeps growing, and we all make better-informed decisions,” he said.
Khathi said his academic journey began in Grade 6, when they were given an assignment for the holidays, “But I forgot what it was,” he chuckled. “I figured if I spent enough time in the library, I’d eventually come across something that would trigger the memory of what the assignment was about. I spent the whole vacation period just reading in the library. I read about great scientists such as Alexander Fleming and Edward Jenner and became inspired by their powers of observation. I ended up writing about them and their discoveries, as I never remembered what our assignment was. The teacher (Mrs Naicker) could have failed me, but instead encouraged me to pursue the field, eventually leading to a distinguished career dedicated to research, teaching, and mentorship.”
Addressing the broader role of educators, Khathi highlighted the importance of “a teacher or leader isn’t necessarily the one who will be the best at something, they just need to have the ability to bring out the best in everyone else,” encouraging fellow academics to continuously refine their teaching craft alongside their disciplinary knowledge.
Khathi’s work in prediabetes lends itself to “bridging the gap between scientific evidence and real-world clinical and community practice in metabolic health,” reflecting a commitment to advancing both knowledge and practice in the health sciences.
Looking ahead, Khathi envisions a future where early prevention of metabolic disease is accessible, equitable, and grounded in contextually relevant African research evidence, while continuing to inspire students through a deep passion for “translational biomedical science and teaching in metabolic health”.
Khathi underscores the importance of strong foundations in mathematics and science at school level, encouraging learners and educators to forge ahead in these often-intimidating and curiosity-driven subjects. He also reflects on the evolving landscape of health sciences, pointing to advancements that continue to shape teaching, research, and practice.
Importantly, he challenges common misconceptions about academia. “Not everyone who is an expert in a field can teach. Teaching is a skill that needs to be nurtured so that the work not only makes sense to you but to everyone in your class,” Khathi said.
Beyond his professional achievements, Khathi reflected on his personal journey, noting that his time at UKZN has been marked by memorable moments, especially watching his students graduate. “This fills me with fulfilment, excitement, and always makes me happy.” He added that he has encountered many former students who have progressed into professional careers, and “it always feels good to know I’ve made a difference,” reinforcing the Institution’s role in shaping not only careers, but lives.
In a country navigating complex socio-economic challenges, Khathi shares a powerful message for young people: “You are the author of your own story. You may not have chosen how it started, but you can write yourself a good story with a great ending.”
As UKZN celebrates his achievements, Khathi’s story stands as a testament to the transformative power of education and the critical role of dedicated teachers in building a healthier, more equitable future for South Africa.
Khathi completed his Honours in Medical Sciences (cum laude) in 2011. In 2013, his master’s research was upgraded to a PhD, and in 2015, he graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy (Physiology). He was appointed as a Lecturer at UKZN in 2015, promoted to Senior Lecturer in 2019, and became an Associate Professor in 2023.
In 2018, he won the College of Health Sciences Best Emerging Teacher, while in 2022, he won the National Research Foundation (NRF) Best Emerging Researcher in Natural Sciences award. In 2025, he was awarded the South African Medical Research Council Research Excellence Award for researchers under 40 years of age. He also won the UKZN Vice-Chancellor’s Award for Research in 2025.
Khathi is the Academic Leader of the theme ‘Human Body Form and Function’ which encompasses the disciplines of Human Physiology and Anatomy at UKZN. To date, he has published over 145 publications, one book chapter, and graduated 12 PhD, 49 master’s, and 61 honours students.
Meet Professor Andile Khathi virtually via this YouTube video, which was recorded as part of UKZN’s “Spotlight on Research in the CHS” campaign.
Words: Lunga Memela
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .UKZN PhD Graduate Breaks Ground in HIV Research
Addington Hospital’s Acting Head of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr Gaysheen Kistan, graduated with a PhD.Balancing the demands of clinical medicine, motherhood, and academic research, Dr Gaysheen Kistan has achieved a remarkable milestone, graduating with a PhD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN).
Her pioneering study sheds critical light on the safety of HIV prevention medication for pregnant and breastfeeding women in Africa.
Supervised by Professor Daya Moodley, Kistan’s research, ‘Effect of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine on Maternal Bone Mineral Loss in African Breastfeeding Women’, addresses an urgent gap in understanding the impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on maternal health.
Reflecting on her journey, Kistan described the experience as both demanding and deeply rewarding. “I feel relieved and grateful to finally complete my PhD, which took seven years. It was a chaotic but gratifying experience as I had my two children during this time and also juggled my clinical responsibilities with my research,” she said.
Her study focused on the effects of Tenofovir-based PrEP - widely used in HIV prevention - on bone mineral density, renal function, and metabolic health in HIV-negative pregnant and breastfeeding women. Importantly, her findings provide reassurance that there were no harmful effects associated with the use of Tenofovir-containing PrEP during pregnancy.
While previous studies on Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and bone mineral density have produced inconsistent results, Kistan’s research stands out for its focus on African women, particularly those who are pregnant or lactating - a group often underrepresented in clinical studies.
Her work also explored additional factors influencing bone health, including vitamin D status and serum mineral levels, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of maternal health in this context.
“This study adds to a very limited body of evidence on bone mineral density in young, healthy African women,” Kistan noted. “I aimed to examine antiretroviral drugs in HIV-negative pregnant and lactating women to discover any adverse effects and ultimately improve clinical care.”
Kistan’s passion for women’s health and HIV research was shaped early in her career. As a junior doctor during the height of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in South Africa, she witnessed firsthand the devastating toll of the disease.
Over time, she also saw the transformation brought about by antiretroviral therapy, turning HIV into a manageable chronic condition.
However, the persistently high rates of HIV among pregnant women remain a concern. “We are now entering the era of preventative medicine with the rollout of PrEP to pregnant women,” Kisten explained. “Yet there is still a paucity of data on HIV-negative individuals. My research aims to address that gap.”
Her academic journey was not without obstacles.
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted her research timeline, forcing delays and adaptations in patient follow-ups to ensure safety. Despite these challenges, she credits the strong support system at UKZN for helping her persevere.
Born and raised in Durban, Kistan matriculated from Durban Girls’ College before pursuing her undergraduate Medical degree at the University of Cape Town. She returned to Durban to complete her internship and later specialised in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at UKZN, where she also earned her Master of Medicine (MMed).
Since 2016, she has served as a specialist at Addington Hospital and now holds the position of Acting Head of the Clinical Unit in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She began her PhD in 2019 while continuing her demanding clinical duties.
Kistan emphasised that her success was made possible by the unwavering support of her family and supervisors. Outside of her professional life, she finds joy in being a mother to her two young children. “They never fail to bring a smile to my face,” she shared. “I cherish our time together, especially outdoor play and swimming.”
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .PhD Graduate Advances Case for Personalised TB Treatment in South Africa
Dr Sahil Tulsi graduated with a PhD in Virology for his novel study.Durban-born researcher Dr Sahil Tulsi has earned his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Virology from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), contributing important new insights into how genetic differences among South Africans may influence responses to tuberculosis (TB) treatment.
Tulsi’s study: ‘Influence of Drug Transporter Gene Polymorphisms on Pharmacogenetic and Treatment Outcomes in African Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Cohorts’, explored how genetic variation affects the way patients process anti-TB medication. His research highlights a critical gap in global health science, which is the underrepresentation of African genetic data in studies that inform treatment approaches.
“South African patients may respond differently to TB treatment because of their unique genetic makeup,” said Tulsi. “Understanding these differences moves us closer to more personalised treatment for TB and HIV rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.”
TB remains a major public health challenge across Africa. At a recently held UKZN event, Professor Norbert Ndjeka, Chief Director for TB Control and Management at the National Department of Health, described TB as more than a disease but a human rights issue tied to dignity, equity, and access to care. “TB remains preventable and curable, yet it continues to be a leading cause of death in South Africa,” he said, highlighting the country’s high burden, with an estimated incidence of 389 cases per 100 000 people.
Tulsi’s work emphasises how genetic diversity can influence drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. Analysing data from 1 407 Black South African participants in KwaZulu-Natal, he identified specific genetic variants that affect how the body processes moxifloxacin, a key anti-TB drug. One variant in particular was linked to reduced drug concentrations, suggesting that some patients may metabolise the drug more rapidly than others.
While these variants were not directly associated with TB susceptibility, HIV infection, or recurrence, further genome-wide analysis revealed additional understudied genetic markers linked to HIV and TB co-infection as well as TB recurrence, with notable differences compared to non-African populations.
“These findings show that understudied genetic variants unique to African populations potentially influence treatment outcomes,” Tulsi explained. “Future studies may help to validate the potential of these variants to serve as biomarkers to guide dosing strategies and improve treatment success.”
Professor Veron Ramsuran, who supervised Tulsi’s study said: “The implications are significant. By paving the way for precision medicine approaches tailored to African populations, the research could help reduce treatment failure and relapse rates, ultimately strengthening healthcare outcomes in communities hardest hit by TB.”
Tulsi described completing his PhD as a deeply rewarding achievement. “I feel a great sense of pride in having achieved this personal goal and in contributing, even in a small way, to the advancement of science,” he said.
His academic journey has been closely tied to UKZN, where he completed both his undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Inspired by early exposure to infectious disease research during his time with the Medical Research Council TB Unit and the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), he developed a passion for understanding the intersection of microbiology and human health.
He credits his success to the support of his supervisor, Professor Ramsuran, as well as funding from GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis and the encouragement from his wife, Mrs Nazley Tulsi.
Currently a Senior Genomics Sales Specialist at Illumina, Tulsi works across Southern and East Africa, supporting advanced genomic technologies such as next-generation sequencing and microarray workflows.
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .UKZN PhD Graduate Advances Research into Fungal Infections in Women
Recipient of several NRF scholarships, Dr Caitlin Ramnarain, graduated with a PhD.Dr Caitlin Ramnarain has graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Medical Microbiology from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), marking a significant milestone in her academic journey and contributing valuable new insights into fungal infections affecting women’s health.
Supervised by Dr Refilwe Phemelo Molatlhegi and co-supervised by Professor Nathlee Abbai, her study, ‘Profiling of Vaginal Candida Isolates from South African Women: Exploring Potential Alternative Therapeutic Strategies’, investigated the prevalence, genetic characteristics, and treatment resistance patterns of Candida infections, with a strong focus on identifying more effective and affordable treatment options.
Candida infections, particularly those caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans), remain a common but increasingly complex public health concern due to rising antifungal resistance. Ramnarain’s research revealed that while C. albicans remains the dominant species, there is growing resistance to commonly used antifungal drugs such as fluconazole, raising concerns about treatment effectiveness in clinical settings.
Her work further identified genetic variations and overexpression of resistance-associated genes, including ERG11, which play a role in antifungal treatment failure. These molecular insights provide a deeper understanding of how Candida adapts and survives, particularly in vulnerable populations such as women of reproductive age.
Importantly, the study also explored innovative alternative treatment strategies. Ramnarain evaluated plant-based nanoemulsions derived from Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Moringa oleifera, alongside probiotic-derived Lactobacillus supernatants. These natural compounds demonstrated promising antifungal and antibiofilm activity, suggesting potential as complementary or alternative therapies in the future.
“The findings contribute to improving how we diagnose and manage Candida infections,” Ramnarain explained. “By addressing antifungal resistance and exploring alternative therapies, we can support more effective and accessible treatment options, particularly for women in South Africa.”
Her research stands out for integrating phenotypic, genotypic and molecular approaches within a South African clinical context, offering a comprehensive view of infection patterns and resistance mechanisms. It also provides practical value by validating alternative therapeutic options that could ease the burden on conventional antifungal treatments.
Reflecting on her achievement, Ramnarain described completing her PhD as both fulfilling and humbling. “This journey has been one of resilience, growth, and perseverance. I feel deeply proud to have reached this milestone,” she said. “It also marks the beginning of a new chapter where I hope to contribute meaningfully to scientific research and improved health outcomes.”
Her academic journey began with a Bachelor of Science in Genetics and Microbiology, followed by an Honours in Medical Microbiology, where her passion for infectious diseases took root. A deeply personal experience at the age of nine, when she and her father were both diagnosed with tuberculosis, further shaped her commitment to medical research and understanding infectious diseases.
Ramnarain credits much of her success to her support system, particularly her late father, Mr Rakesh Ramnarain, who passed away during her PhD journey in 2024. “He was my biggest supporter and believed in me completely. Completing my PhD is a tribute to him,” she said. She also acknowledged the unwavering support of her mother, sister, and husband, who stood by her throughout her studies.
Her time at UKZN was marked by academic growth, mentorship, and achievement, including graduating cum laude at honours level, receiving multiple National Research Foundation (NRF) scholarships, and becoming a member of the Golden Key International Honour Society.
Despite the demands of her doctoral research, Ramnarain balanced her academic life with personal passions such as poetry, swimming, chess, and spending time with loved ones.
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .UKZN Medical Graduate Overcomes Adversity to Serve with Purpose and Compassion
An elated Dr Ndumiso Ellias Majola.The University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) celebrated the graduation of Dr Ndumiso Ellias Majola with a Medical degree, marking a significant milestone in a journey defined by resilience, faith, and an unwavering commitment to serving communities in need.
Describing his achievement as “a great moment of testimony”, Majola reflected on the culmination of years of perseverance and prayer. “It’s an answered prayer”, he said, expressing deep gratitude to those who supported him throughout his academic journey. “I am deeply grateful to everyone who walked alongside me - those who taught, challenged, encouraged, prayed, and believed in me, even when the path was difficult.”
Originally from Nkandla in the Matshenezimpisi area and a former learner at Velangaye Comprehensive High School, where he achieved four distinctions, Majola’s path to Medicine was shaped by humble beginnings and a desire to uplift others. “I come from a very poor background. The situation at home has to change for the better,” he said, adding that his calling is rooted in giving back to underserved communities facing the burden of an overstretched public healthcare system.
Now a Medical intern at Ladysmith Provincial Hospital, Majola speaks passionately about the transformative power of healthcare. “It is fulfilling to see how beautiful Medicine is when a person’s state of health changes for the better and you have played a part in that,” he said, emphasising that healthcare is a fundamental right and a tool for restoring dignity.
Among his most defining experiences at UKZN was a moment on the sports field, where he led efforts to stabilise an injured player during a soccer match - a turning point that affirmed his calling and later inspired his leadership in advocating for improved medical readiness in student sports structures.
Majola developed a strong interest in Family Medicine for its holistic and patient-centred approach, with aspirations of specialising in the field or in Sports Medicine. Despite the challenges he encountered, he credits his faith, mentorship, and strong support system for sustaining him through difficult periods.
Guided by his personal mottos, ‘I will speak to God, He will understand’ and ‘Let my people go!’, Majola’s story stands as a powerful testament to purpose, perseverance, and the enduring impact of community-centred healthcare.
During Majola’s time a Medical student, he also became a poetry member of the Institution’s Voice Arts Club (VAC), where the poem, Motherless child, by Majola and VAC’s Chairperson, Dr Stanley Sekhula, was one of the first projects with which he worked with the former Dean of the School of Clinical Medicine and UKZN’s Dermatology Discipline, Professor Ncoza Dlova, a proud supporter of VAC and who is known for pioneering therapeutic art-based interventions that soothe Medical students from the academic stress that comes with studying to become Medical doctors, and which have had similar effects on fully-fledged healthcare professionals.
In her congratulatory remarks, Dlova said, “The fact that you could transform your experiences into poetry says a lot about your creativity, and Medicine is indeed an art that you can continue to embrace. As you graduate, remember: patients may forget the prescriptions you wrote, but they will always remember how you made them feel. Carry your knowledge with confidence, your humility with pride, and your compassion without limits. The world needs doctors like you.”
Majola also dedicated a poem to healthcare professionals, particularly doctors, graduating on 13 May.
Words: Lunga Memela
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .UKZN PhD Links Parasitic Worms to Cancer Risk in Africa
Head of Medical Research and Senior Lecturer of Surgery, Dr Botle Damane, graduated with a PhD.Parasitic worms, or helminths, are often regarded as a childhood condition and receive limited attention in adult medicine.
Yet these organisms survive by quietly weakening the body’s immune system, which can have serious consequences for vulnerable people. The relationship between helminths and HIV is well recognised. However, their role in other long-term diseases, including cancer, is still not fully understood, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where these infections are common.
Dr Botle Damane grew up in Ladybrand in the Free State. She obtained her degrees in Medical Science from the University of the Free State and recently completed her PhD in Medical Microbiology at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). She currently serves as Head of Medical Research and Senior Lecturer in the Department of Surgery at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital and the University of Pretoria.
Her journey into science is deeply personal. “My father died of mesothelioma linked to asbestos exposure,” she explains. “He worked as a cook in Welkom and lived in hostels that had asbestos roofing and partitions. My mother died of leukaemia. These experiences shaped my decision to pursue a career in Medical Science. I wanted to understand the disease and help others.”
Damane has focused on an area that remains largely understudied. Her research looks at how helminth infections affect the gut, including the natural balance of bacteria that helps keep the body healthy. Her findings suggest that these parasitic infections may not only make HIV more difficult to manage but could also allow diseases like cancer, particularly colorectal cancer, to develop more easily. This is especially important in African populations, where both infections and cancer are common but not often studied together.
“I find it incredibly rewarding to contribute to cancer research that is relevant to our context,” she says. “Much of what we know comes from studies done outside Africa. Yet our genetics, environments, and patterns of disease are different. We need to understand our own risk factors so that we can detect disease earlier and respond more effectively.”
Central to her work is the concept of ‘exposomes’ - the environmental and lifestyle factors that affect a person’s health over time. “In our setting,” she explains, “this includes things like poor sanitation, diet, climate, and dual infections such as HIV-helminth co-infections. All of these factors interact and can influence cancer risk. Understanding this is important if we want to reduce cancer in our communities.”
Her supervisor, Professor Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana, describes her as a brilliant researcher: “She is an incredible hard worker with a strong sense of conviction. It was so easy to manage her research as she remained completely focused. This is an under-studied field, and her work is vitally important. She has already published seven papers, and this research urgently needs to be considered. It has the potential to change policies in other countries as well.”
“Simple interventions like screening and education, and the availability of effective treatments, could have a major impact. It’s a less invasive way of building up immunity and deserves greater attention.”
Words: Matthew Hattingh
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .UKZN PhD Graduate Explores Young Men’s Mental Health in KwaZulu-Natal
An advocate for young men’s emotional well-being, Dr Princess Nyoni, graduated with a PhD.A newly-awarded PhD from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) is shedding critical light on the emotional struggles of young men living in some of South Africa’s most vulnerable communities.
Dr Princess Nyoni graduated with a PhD in Public Health Medicine for her research exploring emotion regulation strategies among young men in rural areas and urban informal settlements in KwaZulu-Natal. Her study revealed a concerning picture: many young men are grappling with emotional dysregulation - a difficulty in understanding and managing emotions - which is closely linked to mental health challenges, violence, and risky HIV behaviours. The study, supervised by Professor Mitsuaki Tomita from UKZN and Dr Andy Gibbs from the Department of Psychology at the University of Exeter, United Kingdom; resulted in three publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Through in-depth interviews with young men aged 18 to 30, Nyoni found that emotional struggles are deeply rooted in poverty, unemployment, and adverse childhood experiences, including the absence of father figures. Participants described feeling overwhelmed by pressure to fulfil traditional roles as providers, often without the means to do so. This tension frequently manifests as frustration, anger, and emotional distress.
The study highlighted that many young men rely on unhealthy coping strategies, such as suppressing emotions or turning to alcohol, drugs, and sex to numb their feelings.
These behaviours are strongly influenced by societal expectations of masculinity, which discourage vulnerability and emotional expression. As a result, many men lack the tools to process emotions constructively.
One of the most alarming findings is the link between poor emotional regulation and impulsive behaviour, including violence, particularly against intimate partners, as well as increased engagement in behaviours that elevate HIV risk. Nyoni’s research also shows that emotional distress often disrupts young men’s ability to focus on education, maintain employment, and sustain healthy relationships, ultimately affecting their long-term prospects.
The study also found a significant gap in accessible mental health support, with many participants indicating they had never had the opportunity to openly discuss their emotions before. Nyoni’s study recommendations emphasised the urgent need for community-based mental health services that are responsive to young men’s lived realities, integrating emotional support with economic strengthening and gender-transformative approaches.
This research contributes valuable local insight into the intersection of mental health, gender norms, and social inequality in South Africa, including their links to violence and HIV risk. As the country continues to grapple with the dual challenges of mental health and social inequality, this study conveys a powerful message: supporting young men’s emotional well-being is essential for building healthier, safer communities.
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .PhD Study Highlights Hidden Burden of Genital Tract Infections in Young Women
Dr Vani Govender graduated with a PhD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology.Dr Vani Govender has graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Obstetrics and Gynaecology from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), producing critical research that sheds light on the high burden of genital tract infections among adolescent girls and young women during pregnancy and the postpartum period in KwaZulu-Natal.
Supervised by leading expert in HIV prevention, Professor Dhayendre Moodley, her study, ‘Genital Tract Infections in Adolescent Girls and Young Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum in KwaZulu-Natal’, addresses a major but often under-recognised public health challenge in a region heavily affected by HIV.
Govender’s research found that more than half of pregnant adolescent girls and young women tested positive for at least one genital tract infection (GTI) at their first antenatal visit, with many infections occurring without symptoms. Alarmingly, about 40% acquired new infections during pregnancy.
The study further revealed that infections such as sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight.
Among postpartum women living with HIV, the findings were equally concerning.
Despite being on antiretroviral therapy (ART), nearly one-third had detectable HIV in their blood, and about one in 10 showed evidence of HIV in the genital tract.
“These findings highlight the urgent need to rethink how we screen and manage infections during pregnancy and postpartum care,” said Govender. “Syndromic management alone is not sufficient, as many infections are asymptomatic and go undetected.”
Her research also uncovered important links between co-infections and increased genital inflammation, which may further increase the risk of HIV transmission. The study provides strong evidence supporting routine diagnostic testing and repeat screening, as well as more targeted interventions to protect both mothers and their infants.
Reflecting on her achievement, Govender described completing her PhD as both humbling and rewarding.
“This journey required perseverance, discipline, and resilience. Beyond the academic milestone, this work represents a commitment to improving women’s health and contributing meaningful evidence to a critical public health issue,” she said.
With over 20 years of experience in clinical research, Govender has built a distinguished career spanning laboratory research, study coordination, regulatory affairs, and clinical operations. Her passion for maternal health and HIV research was shaped early in her career while working in a research unit focused on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission and women’s health.
Balancing full-time work, family responsibilities, and doctoral studies, while relocating to the Western Cape, presented significant challenges.
However, with strong mentorship, careful planning, and the unwavering support of her family, she successfully navigated the demanding journey.
“My family, especially my husband and daughter, were my greatest source of strength and motivation,” she said. “Their support made it possible for me to pursue and complete this goal.”
Govender currently serves as Head of Site Operations and Regulatory Affairs at TASK Clinical Research in the Western Cape, overseeing regulatory compliance and clinical trial operations across multiple sites. Her work contributes to the development of safe and effective medical interventions that benefit patients and communities.
“I hope this work contributes to better healthcare practices and inspires further research focused on improving outcomes for women and young people,” she said.
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .Dr Carel Masemola Shows that Blindness is not Always Permanent
Dr Carel Masemola graduated with a PhD in Public Health.For Dr Carel Masemola, the most satisfying aspect of his work is restoring full sight to people who have been forced to live in darkness.
“I was always interested in health services, but never knew what kind of health professional I wanted to be,” he says. “Then, at the University of Limpopo, I had Pharmacy and Optometry as options. When I looked at Optometry, I knew that was it. The eyes are truly the windows of the soul, and restoring people’s sight completely changes their lives.”
“People blind from birth perceive the world differently. When they gain their sight, it’s remarkable how they respond to their surroundings. When people lose their sight, it has a profound impact on their quality of life and mental health. Being able to restore it genuinely feels like a miracle.”
Masemola’s PhD created a framework for eye-health promotion in primary health-care settings in his home province. The study examined the availability of eye-health interventions at primary healthcare services and their capacity to educate the public about the importance of eye care.
“Eye health is not well-factored in the primary health-care setting,” said his supervisor, Dr Zamadonda Xulu-Kasaba. “Sight is vitally important - we need it for learning, work, and quality of life. A hundred million people in Africa have eye diseases - more than half are entirely preventable. Masemola’s study is vital because he has developed a framework on which policies to improve eye health can be based.”
Masemola was raised by his grandparents in rural Limpopo. What he valued most about his upbringing was the absence of gender roles: “Whoever could do the job got to do the job!” Drawn to science from an early age, he always knew he would become both a health professional and an academic.
“I draw encouragement from seeing my students grow,” he says. “It is most rewarding to help them become better at their profession, so I am passionate about imparting knowledge.”
Masemola’s work ethic is palpable, and for this he credits his school days: “I was the bell-ringer at school,” he laughs, “and ever since I have been building my life around time management!”
He expressed deep appreciation for his supervisors, saying he never felt as though he was working on a PhD: “It felt more like collaborating on a project with timelines. We would discuss ideas, and my supervisors would help craft them into reality. It was a real journey; the way we reached our goals was much better than I had anticipated.”
Xulu-Kasaba was equally enthusiastic, “Masemola has already published six papers in high-impact journals, so his work is making a huge difference,” she said. “There is a perception that eye health is a luxury. Carel’s work is changing that by improving its accessibility and reach for all population groups.”
And so, for millions of people in Africa, better access to eye care would, quite literally, open their eyes to a better life.
Words: Matthew Hattingh
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .PhD Graduate in Virology Unpacks COVID-19 Dynamics in South Africa
Dr Upasana Ramphal graduated with a PhD for her ground-breaking study.Dr Upasana Ramphal has graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Virology from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), producing ground-breaking research that sheds light on how COVID-19 spread and evolved across South Africa.
Her study, ‘Unravelling the Genomic and Epidemiological Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa,’ was supervised by world-renowned bioinformatician and infectious disease expert Professor Tulio de Oliveira, known for his pioneering work in genomic surveillance, pandemic preparedness and capacity building in Africa. Ramphal’s study offers critical insights into the role of genomic surveillance in managing infectious disease outbreaks.
“This work highlights how genomic surveillance supports better decision-making in public health,” said Ramphal. “It strengthens disease monitoring systems and contributes to more effective responses to future pandemics, both in South Africa and globally.”
Her study integrated multiple dimensions of pandemic science, including platform comparison, provincial surveillance trends and South Africa’s contribution to global data sharing into a single body of work.
This comprehensive approach provided new insights into both the scientific and public health value of genomic surveillance.
Reflecting on her achievement, Ramphal described the PhD as a deeply personal milestone.
“I am immensely proud of earning my PhD, as it represents a truly momentous personal achievement. It reflects years of dedication and perseverance,” she said. “The title ‘Dr’ carries the weight of a thousand sleepless nights and a journey defined by resilience, sacrifice and unwavering determination.”
Originally from Ladysmith and raised in Durban, Ramphal’s passion for science began at a young age. Her academic journey spanned a BSc in Microbiology, a BTech in Biotechnology, a Master’s degree in Medical Science, and now a PhD. This marked a historic achievement as the first in her family in four generations to attain a doctoral degree.
Her career has been driven by a deep curiosity about infectious diseases and a desire to make a meaningful societal impact.
During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ramphal played a key role in supporting South Africa’s testing response, contributing to the establishment of laboratories and training teams to conduct SARS-CoV-2 testing across multiple sites.
A registered Professional Scientist with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions (SACNASP), Ramphal brings over a decade of experience in pharmaceutical manufacturing and regulatory compliance.
She is a strong advocate for ethics and data integrity in science - principles that have guided both her research and professional practice.
Currently working as a medical writer for a leading international medical communications company, Ramphal continues to contribute to global health knowledge through scientific communication.
Despite the challenges of her PhD journey, she credits her resilience and focus with seeing her through. “I approached challenges directly and used each experience as an opportunity to grow. It strengthened my resolve and determination to achieve meaningful results,” she said.
Beyond her professional achievements, Ramphal enjoys reading, spending time with family and friends, and reconnecting with nature, moments she values as essential for reflection and balance.
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .UKZN PhD Graduate Advances HIV Drug Resistance Research with Ground-breaking Study
Senior Medical Scientist at the National Health Laboratory Service, Dr Melendhran Pillay, graduated with a PhD.The University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) has celebrated the remarkable achievement of Dr Melendhran Pillay, who graduated with a PhD in Virology for his pioneering research into HIV drug resistance and treatment failure in KwaZulu-Natal.
Pillay’s doctoral study, titled: ‘The Diversity and Impact of Drug-Resistant Mutations in Virologic Failure on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in KwaZulu-Natal’, offers critical new insights into why some patients experience failure on antiretroviral therapy (ART), despite standard diagnostic testing.
A Senior Medical Scientist at the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Pillay focused his research on HIV-1 drug resistance using advanced Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques. His work employed a sophisticated ‘Primer ID’ approach to uncover the complex viral diversity known as quasispecies, within patients failing treatment.
“I am incredibly proud to share the culmination of my PhD research,” said Pillay. “We uncovered a level of viral diversity that traditional methods simply failed to detect. This represents a significant milestone in refining HIV drug resistance monitoring in sub-Saharan Africa.”
His findings revealed that HIV exists as a highly complex mixture of variants within individuals, with a median of 10 different resistance patterns per patient. Notably, 67% of these patterns involved linked dual-class drug resistance mutations, something standard Sanger sequencing methods often miss.
To address this gap, Pillay developed a novel weighted Genotypic Susceptibility Score (wGSS), which more accurately predicts treatment outcomes. His research demonstrated that lower wGSS scores are strongly associated with persistent virologic failure, offering clinicians a more precise tool for guiding patient care.
“This work provides a tangible link between advanced laboratory methods and clinical outcomes,” he explained. “It gives us a clearer understanding of why certain patients continue to fail therapy and how we can better intervene.”
Importantly, the study is considered novel, providing proof-of-principle evidence of previously underappreciated intra-host HIV diversity. By optimising the NGS-Primer ID assay for HIV-1 subtype C, which is the most prevalent strain in the region, Pillay ensured the research is directly relevant to the sub-Saharan African context.
His academic journey also included time at Harvard University, where he refined his experimental techniques to meet international standards, all while maintaining his demanding diagnostic responsibilities at the NHLS.
Pillay credits his passion for virology to his frontline experience in diagnostic laboratories. “I have seen first-hand the challenges patients face when ART fails. I wanted to bridge the gap between routine diagnostics and advanced research to improve long-term treatment outcomes,” he said.
Despite encountering technical challenges, particularly in amplifying HIV-1 subtype C variants, he successfully overcame these through rigorous optimisation, demonstrating both scientific innovation and resilience.
Reflecting on his time at UKZN, Pillay described it as transformative. “Being at the forefront of HIV research in a region most affected by the epidemic provided a unique sense of purpose. The environment encouraged innovation and allowed me to adapt complex tools to solve local challenges.”
Currently, Pillay supervises the HIV Drug Resistance and Viral Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) molecular sections at the NHLS Virology Laboratory at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH) and remains actively involved in teaching and mentoring students at UKZN.
He expressed deep gratitude to his supervisor, Dr Nokukhanya Msomi, co-supervisors Dr Pravi Moodley and Professor Jonathan Zheng Li, and collaborator, Dr Aabida Khan, for their unwavering support.
Msomi praised his work, noting: “His PhD described an innovative way to detect mutations that occur at low frequencies and are not easily identified using traditional methods. He balanced service commitments and academic demands with exceptional dedication.”
As HIV drug resistance continues to pose a major challenge globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, Pillay’s research represents a significant step forward in improving diagnostic precision and patient care.
“We are honoured to contribute these findings to the field of virology,” he said. “This is just the beginning of our work to ensure more precise and effective ART for those who need it most.”
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .UKZN PhD Graduate Advances Life-Saving Insights into Vascular Trauma Care
Dr Vuyolwethu Ntola celebrates his amazing PhD milestone.A ground-breaking doctoral study by vascular surgeon, Dr Vuyolwethu Ntola, is shedding new light on the management of critically injured trauma patients, offering valuable insights that could improve survival and reduce complications in high-risk cases.
Ntola, who graduated with a PhD in Surgery from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), explored the study titled ‘Management of Patients with Vascular Injury in the Context of Polytrauma Requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission’. His research was supervised by leading trauma surgeon Professor Timothy Hardcastle.
Trauma remains one of the leading causes of death and disability globally. While high-income countries predominantly see blunt trauma from road traffic collisions, developing regions such as South Africa face a higher burden of penetrating injuries linked to interpersonal violence and crime. Despite this, there has been limited research on vascular trauma patients requiring intensive care.
Ntola’s study addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive, ICU-centred analysis of patients with vascular injuries accompanied by other severe trauma. His research resulted in four publications. The first paper evaluated diagnostic approaches in vascular trauma, highlighting that the choice of tools such as Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI), Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (eFAST), CT Angiography (CTA), Duplex Ultrasound, and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) depends heavily on patient stability, injury location, and available resources.
The second paper examined the epidemiology of vascular trauma among ICU patients in KwaZulu-Natal. Of 2 805 ICU admissions analysed, 153 patients (5.5%) had vascular injuries, with penetrating trauma accounting for nearly two-thirds (64.7%) of cases, emphasising the regional burden of violence-related injuries.
In the third paper, Ntola investigated management strategies and outcomes. A total of 154 arterial and 39 venous injuries were recorded. Open surgical repair emerged as the most common intervention for arterial injuries (50%), while endovascular techniques, used in 23% of cases, were primarily applied in managing aortic injuries through procedures such as Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR).
The fourth paper explored the impact of associated non-vascular injuries. Among 212 additional injuries documented, fractures, particularly of the lower limbs, were most common, followed by thoracic injuries, both of which significantly contributed to patient morbidity.
Collectively, the findings emphasise the critical importance of early diagnosis and rapid intervention in preventing limb loss and reducing mortality. The study also highlights how advances such as CT angiography and minimally invasive endovascular techniques are transforming vascular trauma care.
According to Hardcastle, “Dr Ntola’s work provides a rare and valuable perspective focused on ICU-managed vascular trauma patients, an area often underrepresented in research, offering evidence that could inform clinical protocols and improve outcomes in resource-constrained, high-trauma settings. His contribution marks an important step forward in strengthening trauma care systems in KwaZulu-Natal and beyond.”
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .UKZN PhD Graduate Uncovers Genetic Links to Preeclampsia in South African Women
Dr Annelene Govindsamy graduated with a PhD for her study on preeclampsia.Dr Annelene Govindsamy has graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Optics and Imaging from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), contributing ground-breaking research into the genetic drivers of preeclampsia among South African women of African ancestry.
Supervised by Dr Shoohana Singh, her study, ‘Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of RAAS-Associated Genes in Preeclamptic Women of African Ancestry,’ explored how genetic variation influences the development of hypertension in pregnancy, particularly in women affected by both preeclampsia and HIV.
Preeclampsia and HIV remain highly prevalent in South Africa, and their co-occurrence presents significant risks for maternal and infant health. Govindsamy’s research focused on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a key regulator of blood pressure, and examined how specific genetic variations may predispose women to hypertension during pregnancy.
Analysing 319 women, the study investigated genetic polymorphisms in three key genes, namely Renin (REN), (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), and Angiotensinogen (AGT) alongside immune and inflammatory markers. The findings revealed significant associations between certain ACE and AGT gene variants and an increased risk of hypertension in preeclamptic women.
Notably, the ACE gene variant showed both protective and risk effects depending on the genetic profile, while specific AGT gene variants were strongly associated with a higher risk of hypertension, particularly among HIV-positive women. These findings highlight how genetic differences may influence disease risk in this population.
In addition to genetic insights, the study also examined biological markers linked to inflammation and immune response. Elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) were observed in women with preeclampsia, regardless of HIV status, reinforcing the role of inflammation in the condition.
“The findings illuminate the complex interaction between genetic factors, immune activation, and hypertension in preeclampsia,” said Govindsamy. “This work provides a deeper understanding of the disease and opens avenues for more targeted approaches to managing high-risk pregnancies.”
Importantly, the research suggests that both genetic background and environmental factors may influence how RAAS-related proteins function, offering broader implications for personalised healthcare in diverse populations.
Reflecting on her achievement, Govindsamy expressed pride and gratitude. “I am elated and feel honoured. This journey was challenging but ultimately worthwhile,” she said.
Her passion for the field was driven by a longstanding interest in immunology, which began during her undergraduate studies in Microbiology and Biochemistry. Growing up in Chatsworth, Durban, she was fascinated by the microscopic world and later transitioned into health research to explore the human immune system in greater depth.
Govindsamy credits her faith and family as central to her success. “My greatest support was the Holy Spirit and my family, who motivated me to persevere through difficult times,” she shared.
Despite the demands of doctoral research, she remained grounded through prayer and personal reflection.
Outside of academia, she enjoys creative writing, cooking, and watching Netflix series.
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .Amplifying Youth Voices to Address Adolescent Fertility in Rural KwaZulu-Natal
An elated Dr Nompumelelo Nkabinde (centre) is congratulated by (from left) Professors Andrew Ross, Anna Voce, Relebohile Moletsane and Bernard Gaede.Dr Nompumelelo Gloria Nkabinde, a Family Medicine specialist, graduated with a PhD in Public Health from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), marking a significant academic milestone rooted in purpose, perseverance, and a deep commitment to improving the lives of young people in rural communities.
Her novel doctoral study, ‘The Dynamics of Fertility in the Context of High Adolescent Pregnancies and Childbearing in Rural Northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa’, was supervised by Professor Relebohile Moletsane and Professor Anna Voce. Through this work, Nkabinde sheds new light on the complex social and structural factors shaping adolescent reproductive health.
Reflecting on her achievement, Nkabinde describes the journey as both humbling and deeply fulfilling. “It represents years of sustained effort, personal sacrifice, and resilience,” she said. “It signifies the culmination of a journey rooted in a commitment to understanding and addressing complex social and health challenges affecting young people in rural South Africa.”
Her research moves beyond traditional biomedical perspectives, instead focusing on the lived experiences of adolescents. By exploring how gender norms, socio-economic inequalities, cultural expectations, and limited access to youth-friendly healthcare services influence reproductive decision-making, her findings offer a better understanding of adolescent fertility.
Importantly, the study proposes practical, adolescent-informed strategies that can strengthen sexual and reproductive health programmes, inform policy development, and contribute to building more equitable and responsive healthcare systems. Its participatory and intersectional approach, incorporating the voices of both young men and women and traditional leaders, makes it a novel contribution to South African research in this field.
Nkabinde’s passion for this area of study is deeply personal and professional. As a Family Physician working in underserved rural communities, she has witnessed first-hand the realities of adolescent pregnancy. These experiences exposed a gap between policy narratives and lived realities, inspiring her to pursue research that amplifies youth voices and drives meaningful change.
Like many doctoral journeys, hers was not without challenges. Balancing clinical responsibilities, academic demands, and personal commitments required discipline and resilience. Delays during the examination process further tested her patience. However, through structured time management, a strong support system, and an unwavering sense of purpose, she remained focused. “Maintaining perspective and remembering why the research matters was key to persevering,” she shared.
Born and raised in KwaZulu-Natal, Nkabinde’s journey into Medicine was driven by a desire to serve communities and improve health outcomes. Nkabinde is a Family Physician and academic in the Department of Family Medicine at UKZN, where she contributes to clinical care, teaching, and ongoing research.
Outside of her professional life, she enjoys reading, staying active at the gym, and spending time with family and friends. She also has a strong interest in leadership development and advancing health systems.
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Sethu Dlamini
author : .author email : .