Honorary Doctorates Conferred to South African Literary, Music and Architecture Giants
UKZN honorary doctorate recipients (from left): Dr Muziwakhe “Madala” Kunene, Dr Paul Mikula, and Professor Kwame Anthony Appiah.UKZN’s College of Humanities conferred honorary doctoral degrees on three individuals for their outstanding contributions in a variety of arts fields in South Africa.
They were Dr Muziwakhe “Madala” Kunene (Doctor of Music), Dr Paul Mikula (Doctor of Architecture) and Professor Kwame Anthony Appiah (Doctor of Literature). Appiah was conferred with his honorary degree in absentia.
Affectionately known as Madala, Kunene, a world-renowned guitarist, was recognised by the University for his outstanding contribution to the South African music industry. He decided he wanted to be a musician early in life and fashioned his own guitar from a cooking oil tin and strings made from fishing line.
In his acceptance address presented in isiZulu, Kunene expressed gratitude to the University for his musical recognition. He also took to the stage to perform one of his songs that had audiences enthralled. Kunene reflected on his humble beginnings playing the guitar with friends in Mkhumbane, Durban, in the 1950s. Despite the challenges they faced as artists, including poverty and oppression, they persevered and contributed to South African music
Kunene encouraged graduates to pursue their dreams, despite obstacles, and to make meaningful contributions to society. He said, ‘As your journey starts today, it is important to know who you are, and to truly follow what is your gift. We are not only studying for ourselves, but we are studying to improve society.’
Turning professional in the 1970s, Kunene has shared the stage with great musicians including Doc Mthalane, Songamasu, Shor Philips, Mankunku Ngozi and Busi Mhlongo.
Kunene started recording music in the 1990s and in 1995 released an album Madamax with Swiss guitarist and songwriter Max Lasser. He later released King of the Zulu Guitar - Vol. 1, which sold well overseas and was a SAMA-nominated album.
In 2004, he composed the score for the feature film Yesterday, while in 2014, he collaborated with various local and international artists to produce: Madala Kunene - BAFO the Mentor, The Forest Jam Sessions, Vol. 3.
Released in 2015, the album 1959, featured musical giants including Lu Dlamini, Hugh Masekela, Sthembiso Hlela, Max Lasser, Vishen Kemraj, Sazi Dlamini, Steve Newman, Guy Buttery and others and in 2016 he collaborated with Syd Kitchen to release BAFO - What Kind.
Mikula was recognised by UKZN for his outstanding contribution to architecture and the preservation and promotion of KwaZulu-Natal’s arts and cultural heritage. ‘I’m not one of those people desperate for recognition. But it feels very nice and it comes out of the blue. I’m glad about that, it’s welcome,’ he said.
Mikula’s family immigrated to South Africa when he was 14. After matriculating, he enrolled for a Bachelor of Architecture degree at the then University of Natal qualifying in 1967, and went on to earn a reputation as a distinguished and respected architect. Besides setting standards in modern architecture locally, Mikula has lobbied for appropriate construction, often low technology. His trailblazing efforts are much admired and have received honours from the profession.
He has wide social and cultural interests, with arts activism being his particular passion.
In 1982, he turned his attention to the rich Hindu temple heritage of KwaZulu-Natal, and initiated a study and publication of a book in collaboration with two colleagues. His love for Zulu culture, music, arts and crafts saw him turn big ideas into reality. In 1995, he established the BAT Centre in leased premises on Durban’s Esplanade, before founding the Phansi Museum in Glenwood, an African art centre housing a large collection of Zulu cultural artefacts, where he serves as managing trustee.
He has been instrumental in encouraging the careers of numerous successful crafters and artists including Thami Jali; Sfiso ka-Mkame; Clive Sithole; Derrick Nxumalo; Elliot Mkhize and Zamokwakhe Gumede, and is arguably single-handedly responsible for promoting the burgeoning of a very successful telephone wire basket craft industry.
Appiah, a leading African intellectual was recognised by UKZN for his distinguished services in the advancement of knowledge in the areas of literature and philosophy.
He said, ‘It is always, of course, gratifying to receive the respect of your academic peers. When the recognition comes from a university that has a global reputation, it is doubly gratifying. The major reason for my excitement is that this is the first time I have been granted such an honour on the African continent, the continent on which I grew up.’
He noted that as a philosopher who has studied social identities, he has been led to reflect on the connection between different parts of the continent, despite their differences in colonial history and culture. Appiah argues that the concept of an African identity is a relatively recent development, originating in the African diaspora, and that it has been an important theme for Black intellectuals for over a century.
Appiah has held senior positions in both philosophy and African studies at several of the world’s most illustrious universities, and has published a vast, influential and celebrated body of work that is at the leading edge of current thinking about questions of identity, nationalism, cosmopolitanism, universal ethics, and progressive social change.
Appiah’s emancipatory thinking about the meanings of Africa and its place in, and relation to, the world has become central to progressive discourse about the continent, its people, “races”, histories and cultures.
Appiah is a veteran at migrating between cultures. Trained in the rigors of Cambridge’s legendary school of analytical philosophy, he wrote his first two books on specialised topics in the field of language and logic. Though the author of a great many other books on philosophy, identity and social theory, the work for which he is perhaps best known is In My Father’s House (1992), his book on Africa’s struggle for self-definition in a world dominated by Western values. It became an instant classic and placed Appiah at the forefront of contemporary African studies - a field in which he has since published widely.
Although Appiah has already received several honorary doctorates, all were awarded by universities in the developed world, while UKZN is the first African Higher Education Institution to do so.
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photographs: Supplied, Abhi Indrarajan and Rajesh Jantilal
author : .author email : .Master’s Investigates Lockdown Impact on Cato Manor Community
Ms Andisiwe Dlamini graduated with a Master of Social Sciences.UKZN Master of Social Sciences graduate Ms Andisiwe Dlamini researched the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the livelihoods of Cato Manor citizens and explored the use of social grants such as the Child Support Grant and the Social Relief of Distress (SRD).
Dlamini says she wanted to explore the post-recovery position of people as this would benefit society by showing the important role played by social grants and influence the decision on a Basic Income Grant for South Africa.
She found the pandemic worsened Cato Manor’s high unemployment rate, with small, informal businesses suffering. However, she discovered social and SRD grants played a crucial role in assisting members of society to afford essentials.
She recounted some of her favourite moments from the study. ‘The most interesting time was collecting primary data through fieldwork,’ said Dlamini. ‘It was interesting to interact with the members of the Cato Manor community of all ages, with different experiences. Going forward, I will use what I have learned here in my career.’
She is currently focusing on working and building her career and experience.
Dlamini encouraged her peers to keep going to complete their degrees.
Words: Sinoyolo Mahlasela
Photograph: Rajesh Jantilal
author : .author email : .Using Social Media for Job Creation - Master’s Investigates
Mr Thobelani Mdluli graduated with a Master’s in Development Studies.Using social media as an employment creation strategy for students in Durban was explored in a study by Mr Thobelani Mdluli for his Master’s degree in Development Studies.
Said Mdluli: ‘Youth unemployment has long perplexed both developed and developing countries, reaching new heights recently, particularly in South Africa. Now there appears to be a shift in how young people are using social media to combat the problem.’
His study found that the social media entrepreneurs he interviewed did not make money online like bloggers and social media personalities, instead using social media for advertising.
Mdluli says his research showed that student entrepreneurs use social media because it is cheaper than the traditional methods of advertising and it also helps entrepreneurs collaborate with other small business owners. ‘Time efficiency and target market availability are among some of the social media advantages while finance and changing customer interest are disadvantages.
‘When participants conducted business online, they stood a chance of becoming victims to hackers, fraudsters, perverts and bullies,’ said Mdluli. ‘Youth entrepreneurs should employ various social media sites to cater to various consumers to combat cyber-crimes and work on building stronger client relationships. There should also be a collaboration between the government and the private sector and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), to connect youth to the ideas of the private sector,’ said Mdluli.
While studying Mdluli worked as a mechanic. ‘I was a full-time student but would get late callouts to far-flung locations when I was supposed to be focusing on my thesis!’
He was thrilled to graduate. ‘It’s an incredible feeling because this has been a difficult but rewarding journey. Many people begin but never finish - thankfully I was able to complete it. I am proud of myself.’
He thanked his family, friends and supervisor Professor Pranitha Maharaj for their support.
Mdluli had this message for other students: ‘This journey will demotivate and negatively affect you at times but keep going - quitting is never an option.’
He plans to pursue his PhD next year.
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Rajesh Jantilal
author : .author email : .Postpartum Contraceptive Use by Young Mothers Under the Microscope
PhD in Population Studies graduate, Dr Lungisile Shange.Does having a child change the contraceptive use behaviour of young mothers?
That’s the question Dr Lungisile Shange sought to answer from research she did which earned her a PhD in Population Studies.
Shange’s study focused on the postpartum contraceptive use by Umlazi, Durban, mothers aged between 18 and 24.
‘I come from a community where early childbearing is common and I’ve seen many teenage girls become pregnant while still in high school,’ said Shange. ‘Some of these girls are my friends, and I’ve witnessed the effect it has had on them. Some, for example, are unemployed, lack a university education and rely on child support grants.’
Results of her research showed that in many cases having a child did not change the use of contraceptives by young mothers.
She found that many babies were not planned and that the widely held belief that a large number of young women become pregnant due to a lack of information about contraception was incorrect. Many mothers accepted accountability and admitted to being aware of contraception prior to their first pregnancies.
Another surprising and unexpected finding for Shange was that some mothers admitted to getting pregnant again because they had been ‘too lazy to go to the clinic.’ In addition, many mothers believed that contraceptives were ineffective. ‘This belief was most prevalent among mothers who did not use any form of protection. They said contraception doesn’t work because they knew many girls who became pregnant while using contraceptives,’ said Shange.
The findings also showed that some nurses were not well informed about contraception as details they provided to mothers were misleading - for example, implying that certain methods are harmful to women who have never had children as they could cause infertility.
‘Much more needs to be done to help young women protect themselves from unwanted and unplanned pregnancies, which includes raising contraception awareness as well as educating young women about their own sexual and reproductive health,’ said Shange. ‘Healthcare providers can play an important role in preventing repeat pregnancies and encouraging young women to use contraception correctly and consistently.’
She faced numerous challenges along the way, but had been determined to complete her PhD. ‘As the breadwinner at home, I was working and studying full-time. I had no choice because my family depends on me,’ she said. ‘There were days when I didn’t want to open my laptop. I would go weeks without even looking at my dissertation because I was physically and emotionally exhausted.’
However, Shange is grateful to her family, friends and supervisor for their support and encouragement.
Her advice to other students is: ‘Work hard and adjust your life accordingly because it can be physically and mentally exhausting. Seek the help of academic counsellors. It’s also fine to have fun now and again, but don’t lose sight of your goals.’
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Rajesh Jantilal
author : .author email : .Media Personality Tackles Domestic Abuse for Master of Arts Degree
Ms Shirdika Pillai graduates with a Master of Arts from UKZN.Ms Shirdika Pillai, a junior communications associate at the Global Strategic Communications Council (GSCC) recently graduated with a Master of Arts (Drama and Performance Studies) degree from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN).
Her research has brought to light the issue of domestic abuse within the Indian South African community and the potential of using theatre as a medium to raise awareness and challenge existing patriarchal structures.
Pillai's decision to pursue a master's degree in Drama and Performance Studies was driven by her desire to explore and confront the social ill of domestic abuse that remains tightly contained within the boundaries of the Indian South African community. Her research analysed three South African plays written by Indian South African male playwrights who turned the public spotlight of the stage onto the private experiences of domestic abuse.
She interrogated how these playwrights chose to dramatise domestic abuse. In understanding the theatrical representations of the violence - influenced by social, economic and cultural factors - interpretive assessments were made about how it is experienced in homes in the Indian South African community.
The lack of recent research about the Indian community in South Africa and its current challenges was one of the hurdles Pillai faced during her research.
One of the key outcomes of Pillai's research, as evidenced in each of the plays, is the apparent failure of Indian South African women to challenge existing patriarchal systems, which has enabled the cycle of domestic abuse to be perpetuated in their community. Through her work, she was able to reflect on the scope of theatre to convey women's stories and experiences in the Indian South African community thus allowing them to reclaim their power and articulate their voices. Pillai believes that theatre can be a vehicle through which engrained social structures like patriarchy can begin to be dismantled.
Pillai's family and friends' unwavering support throughout her research journey has been a source of strength for her. After completing her masters, Pillai plans to take the future as it comes.
Her advice to other researchers is 'to find something you are passionate about and do a little bit every day. Consistency is key.'
Pillai's media and broadcasting experience spans well over a decade and includes, most recently, being a national assignments editor at eNCA, where she also added news anchoring to her skill set. Previously, Pillai worked as a TV presenter for SABC 3's Sadhana: The Inward Path and radio presenting/ producing on Lotus Fm. She also loves a good (fictional) read, is passionate about animal welfare and is a self-confessed chocoholic!
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Abhi Indrarajan
author : .author email : .Most Fathers Willing to be Involved in their Children’s Lives, Says Study
Mr Simphiwe Ngcongo was awarded a Master’s in Population Studies.In contrast to a perceived prevailing opinion in South Africa that fathers are generally unwilling to take responsibility for their children, a master’s degree study found that most showed a desire and willingness to be involved in their offspring’s lives.
This was the finding of research done by Mr Simphiwe Ngcongo for his Master’s degree in Population Studies.
‘When it comes to having an involved father, experiences differ and I was interested in gaining more insight into this,’ said Ngcongo.
His research examined the relationship between employment and father involvement, focusing on how employment status affects the involvement of unemployed and employed men with their children.
‘Fathers are often perceived as neglectful men who are unwilling to take responsibility for their children - men who impregnate and run away. There is also a prevalent notion that a good father is one who provides for the child’s financial needs, which often leads to the neglect of other, non-financial fathering responsibilities,’ said Ngcongo.
Results from the study show that most fathers have a desire and willingness to be involved in their children’s lives, emphasising the importance of being available for them emotionally, psychologically, and socially. Being a good provider was still found to influence the way fathers and society perceive fatherhood.
Unemployed fathers cited a lack of financial resources as a barrier to improving fatherhood and believed that getting a job would improve their involvement. Working fathers, however, said they were prevented by work commitments from devoting sufficient time to childcare as many have employment away from their homes. Family support played a large role in helping unemployed and employed fathers take on caregiving responsibilities.
Ngcongo’s research discovered that unemployed fathers tended to develop a negative self-image while employed fathers felt a sense of satisfaction, fulfilling the role of a provider and were viewed positively by society. Access to employment, coupled with other social and environmental factors influences father’s level of involvement with their children.
‘There is a need for psycho-educational programmes and studies that emphasise the importance of male involvement in non-financial roles for their children and gender equality to reduce negative social constructs about fatherhood,’ suggested Ngcongo.
He will be the first to graduate with a master’s degree in his family and considers it a huge success for himself and hopes it will serve as inspiration for his siblings.
Ngcongo dedicated his degree to his mother Hlengiwe and thanked the rest of his family, friends and supervisor.
He had this advice for students: ‘Manage your time, set schedules and stick to them so you do not put off your work until the last minute. Familiarise yourself with reading material that will help and contribute to your academic knowledge and ensure you build connections with your fellow students because it’s easier to fail alone but it’s better if you have people to support you when you need help.’
He plans to pursue a PhD.
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Rajesh Jantilal
author : .author email : .Social Relief of Distress Grant a Lifeline, Research Finds
Mr Ndumiso Mthalane received a Master’s in Social Sciences.The Social Relief of Distress (SRD) grant has the potential to significantly relieve extreme poverty as well as kick-start entrepreneurial activities.
This was the finding of graduate Mr Ndumiso Mthalane during research for his Master’s degree in Social Sciences which, he says, shows that the use of the grant to launch ventures has a disproportionately positive impact on the livelihood strategies of the poor, making them self-sufficient, job creators, and not just job seekers.
Mthalane’s study further examined the nature of entrepreneurial activities made possible through the grant and its impact on the socio-economic conditions of households in Cato Manor, Durban.
Mthalane was a recipient of the SRD grant when he had no other source of income. In partnership with a friend, he decided to use the money to start a small business. ‘Even though it seemed like something minor, for us it was better than nothing. From selling chocolates, we made a small profit and were able to purchase groceries, soap, and pay for transport among other things,’ he said.
He emphasised that the SRD grant did not fully address poverty, unemployment, and inequality, but was a lifeline. ‘It helps those who were unemployed before COVID-19 as well as others who fall under the expanded definition of unemployment,’ said Mthalane.
The study found that the SRD grant had a significant role in addressing extreme poverty affecting poor South Africans and had been utilised to start various entrepreneurial activities.
Mthalane’s study also found a gap in the social security system as there was a large portion of unemployed working-age people who fell outside the South African social security system. However, the SRD grant proved to have a significant positive outcome in alleviating poverty for poor households and communities in South Africa.
During the course of his studies, he had been forced to rely on his family for financial support as he did not have funding. His family encouraged him, often making financial sacrifices so he could continue with his degree.
‘Besides having a dream of building a big house for my mother and giving her the best life, I also want to enrol in a PhD programme in the School of Built Environment and Development Studies.’
He had these encouraging words for colleagues: ‘Studying and completing your postgraduate degree is doable.’
Words: Sinoyolo Mahlasela
Photograph: Rajesh Jantilal
author : .author email : .Research Explores Women’s Views on Using Products to Promote Vaginal Health
Master’s graduate, Ms Nqobile Ngubane. An approach to empower women is to help them to have agency over their sexual and reproductive health, says Ms Nqobile Ngubane who graduated with a Master’s degree in Social Sciences from the Centre for Culture, Communication and Media Studies (CCMS).
Ngubane’s study analysed women’s perceptions of the acceptability of vaginal health product use and further explored the inclusion of women in HIV prevention research.
According to Ngubane, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) has the highest number of HIV infections in South Africa. Adolescent girls and young women are at a higher risk of contracting HIV compared to males and this is due to the biological make-up of the vaginal track, as well as social and cultural factors that relate to the limited ability of women to negotiate sex with their partners. Some vaginal practices and accompanying product use can increase the risk of HIV infection and bacterial vaginosis among women. This study explores the current vaginal product uses among young women in selected areas of KwaZulu-Natal, categorises these products into four key product classifications, and thereafter expands to further understand methods of product use and reasons for product use.
Ngubane’s research findings showed that women in KZN use various vaginal products, such as homemade concoctions and traditional herbs, mostly for male sexual pleasure instead of prioritising safe sex and hygiene. The results showed that the application preferences of women varied, with some choosing to use ingestible vaginal products while others preferred the directly applied products.
‘This is a significant concern to health organisations and communities as women remain at the centre of infection,’ she said. ‘Prioritising male sexual pleasure over protection against HIV is a key driving factor for the spread of HIV within these specific communities. ‘Women need to prioritise their sexual and reproductive health over male sexual pleasure as this will lead to a healthier and stronger society.’
During her academic journey, Ngubane faced adversity. At the age of 15, she lost both her parents due to illness and was taken in by her maternal grandmother who passed away in April 2020.
‘Not only did I lose the person who supported me emotionally and financially, but I also lost a roof over my head, leaving me homeless. Being an only child. I didn’t have siblings or any close relatives to turn to, but was determined to complete my studies. As an unfunded postgraduate, I sometimes went to bed on an empty stomach because of lack of financial support,’ she said. ‘I also had no stable accommodation and often stayed with friends willing to assist.’
Ngubane thanked her friends and supervisor Professor Eliza Govender for being her support system. ‘These individuals supported me emotionally, academically and even financially at times. Their support uplifted me when I felt nothing good would ever come out of an orphaned, homeless rural girl from Bergville!’
A friend, Ms Zanele Nxumalo, said: ‘With all the challenges she has faced, Nqobile has proven herself to be a strong woman, focused on being an academic success. I am proud of her.’
Advising other students, Ngubane said, ‘God always rewards hard work even if you feel like you or your efforts are not good enough. He will bless those efforts.’
She plans to enrol in UKZN’s Culture, Communication and Media Studies (CCMS) PhD programme, focusing on health communication and community engagement.
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Abhi Indrarajan
author : .author email : .Four Postgraduate Criminology Degree Candidates Graduate
Criminology graduates (from left): Dr Krinesha George, Dr Smangele Shandu, Professor Shanta Singh (supervisor), Dr Nokukhanya Mbonambi, and Ms Keemera Govender.Ms Keemera Govender, Dr Krinesha George, Dr Nokukhanya Mbonambi and Dr Smangele Shandu were all supervised by Professor Shanta Singh for their Criminology degrees.
Govender, who examined the impact of domestic violence on children during the COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa for her master’s degree, found that domestic violence against children generated negative emotions and irreversible effects. ‘There is currently no legislation in South Africa specifically protecting children from domestic violence, while the number of services for victims has declined,’ she said. The study provides insights into effective strategies to help end domestic violence and protect children, beyond the pandemic. Govender highlighted the need for a collaborative approach to domestic violence.
In her doctoral degree research, George explored current rehabilitative programmes and exposed the lack of offence-specific facilities offered to female offenders in South Africa. ‘While current rehabilitative programmes assist in combatting risk factors such as poverty, unemployment and drug use, the lack of offence-specific programmes leads to recidivism and offenders re-entering the correctional centres,’ she said. The study also identified poverty, anger, violence against children during the lockdown and beyond, and drug use as risk factors for female offenders and suggested the development of offence-specific programmes, such as career guidance, to address these limitations.
Mbonambi researched when and where burglaries occurred in the Newlands East Policing Precinct in Durban for her PhD. This knowledge was fundamental for the formulation of crime prevention strategies as it facilitated operational and tactical resource deployment in areas at times when they were most needed. The study identified various factors at the local community level contributing to this crime, highlighting the need for collaborative strategies between the government, the police, and the community to combat the issue effectively. Mbonambi suggested ‘the involvement of construction/development companies and juvenile rehabilitation personnel in preventing residential burglaries.’
Shandu explored the developments of a prosecutorial approach to combat income tax fraud in South Africa during her doctoral research. The study revealed a lack of skills and knowledge in areas of detection, investigation, and prosecution of income tax fraud among stakeholders. Technological challenges, conflict of interest, and legislation challenges were also identified. Shandu recommended the development of a technological tool for reporting suspected tax fraud, improving the South African Revenue Services (SARS) e-filing system, signing a memorandum of understanding among stakeholders, conducting public workshops, ongoing training, implementing tax fraud prevention strategies, and amending tax laws to separate powers between SARS and the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) Asset Forfeiture Unit (AFU).
All four students were grateful for the support received from family, friends and their supervisor.
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Abhi Indrarajan
author : .author email : .Research Casts Doubt on Bona Fides of Some Religious Movements in Zimbabwe
Dr Francis Marimbe graduated with a PhD in Development Studies.The activities of some new religious movements (NRMs) in Zimbabwe tend to benefit pastors, their families and a few elites and often involve allegations of “believers being defrauded”.
This was among the findings of research by Dr Francis Marimbe who graduated from UKZN with a PhD in Development Studies for his investigations in Harare among believers of the Prophetic Healing and Deliverance (PHD) Ministries, Grace Oasis Ministries (GOM) and Emmaus Encounter (EE).
‘NRMs have a complex and contested relationship regarding sustainable and transformational development with individual entrepreneurial activities inspired by the gospel of prosperity providing believers with increased income and access to basic goods.
‘Believers are able to meet some of their everyday needs without necessarily transforming their lives,’ said Marimbe.
The study concludes that there is a distinct difference between the teaching of the gospel of prosperity (hard work, entrepreneurship, saving and a good life) and its practice (loss of money through fraud and theft by pastors) within NRMs in Zimbabwe. According to Marimbe, ‘sustainable and transformational development cannot be achieved within NRMs because the practices of the pastors and prophets are often predatory.’
Marimbe is grateful to his support system of family, friends and supervisors Professor Shauna Mottiar and Professor Philippe Denis.
Asked about his future plans, Marimbe said: ‘I will continue building my company, the Development and Research Institute for Southern Africa (DRISA) Consulting Services which offers Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) and Transformation Consulting services. I also plan to continue providing Project Management training, research, and organisational development services to NPOs and NGOs, and assist many other organisations to implement socio-economic development initiatives which promote a sustainable and transformational change in South Africa and beyond.’
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Rajesh Jantilal
author : .author email : .Doctoral Study Looks into Obstetric Fistula Survivors in Malawi
PhD in Population Studies graduate, Dr Mwawi Gondwe.Socio-cultural factors influencing the reintegration of obstetric fistula survivors in Malawi was the focus of a study which earned Dr Mwawi Gondwe a PhD in Population Studies.
Obstetric fistula refers to a hole between the birth canal and bladder and/or rectum, and is caused by prolonged, obstructed labour without access to timely, high-quality medical treatment.
Said Gondwe: ‘I want to make a difference in the lives of rural marginalised mothers who suffer in silence and cry out for so long without adequate help. These mothers are often neglected and ostracised by their families and society, regarded as pariahs and feel hopeless. Their status as women is diminished and some consider suicide.’
Gondwe did research on 18 obstetric fistula survivors, 15 healthcare providers who treat and care for these patients, 15 spouses of sufferers and family members who live with survivors.
In his study, many survivors acknowledged they had been assisted to reach a certain acceptable level of reintegration due to programmes implemented to help them. Gondwe noted that ‘there exists some traditional beliefs which impact on the reintegration of obstetric fistula survivors and that widespread poverty is a deterrent to the prevention of obstetric fistula.’
He argues that there is a need to bring psycho-social programmes near where obstetric fistula survivors live and to holistically evaluate the impact of the entrepreneurial activities that the survivors get involved in.
‘Mass education programmes are needed to demystify traditional beliefs and emphasise the real causes of obstetric fistulas, its consequences and preventative measures should continue to be rolled out. Government, private sector entities and non-governmental organisations are needed to strengthen and implement policies to assist in empowering women and eradicating poverty in Malawi,’ said Gondwe.
He thanked his family, friends and supervisor Professor Pranitha Maharaj for their support.
Gondwe plans to continue publishing his research and research into women’s reproductive and maternal health issues.
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Rajesh Jantilal
author : .author email : .Master’s Research Explores Media Coverage of Food for Healthy Living
Master of Arts graduate, Ms Nokubonga Jele.The Independent Online (IOL) news service was used as a case study for research into media coverage of food for healthy living.
The research earned Ms Nokubonga Jele, a digital communications officer for the British High Commission, a Master of Arts degree.
Said Jele: ‘I love food and eating healthy. Growing up, I enjoyed eating traditional vegetables my grandmother cooked. I later learned that these foods were highly nutritious but noticed they were not popular in supermarkets in and around Durban.’
She argues that the power of media platforms is instrumental in promoting health messages and encouraging public awareness about indigenous foods as part of a healthy diet. ‘The media has long shared content about food, shaping and influencing conversations about food. From cookbooks to digital recipes shared online as images or videos, the objective is to share a recipe and, as a by-product, to create a social context for that recipe,’ said Jele.
Findings revealed that IOL recipes published from 1 January, 2014 until 31 August, 2018 covered food recipes that often did not follow the South African food-based dietary guidelines. ‘Indigenous food recipes are not featured in the recipes published on IOL. None of the recipes mentioned indigenous foods, fruits and vegetables, or non-communicable diseases (NCD),’ said Jele.
She noted that ‘there was an increasing number of NCD-related deaths and the Department of Health has recognised the role of the media to change perceptions and encourage healthy living styles and the consumption of indigenous foods. However, mainstream media has not yet started to recognise the importance of featuring these foods on their platforms.’
Jele’s study highlighted that the news websites did not include information about the nutritional content of the food in recipes shared. Instead, recipes were written in a persuasive tone and shared with appetising images that encourage consumption.
‘I am passionate about health, culture and representation in the media. My research brings forward the conversation about indigenous food and the health benefits associated with it,’ said Jele. ‘This could contribute to a healthy diet to combat NCDs in low income households. I am advocating for more creative ways to present indigenous cuisines on social media.’
Jele started her master’s journey in 2017, just a month after giving birth to her son. ‘I was suffering from postpartum depression. With no support from family because they did not think much of an Arts degree, I had no scholarship and I was unemployed. To survive, I had to sell my laptops, fridge and cellphone. Juggling motherhood and school was a harsh reality.’
To support herself financially, she worked for UKZN Corporate Relations and Mangosuthu University of Technology Radio as the leading host on the afternoon drive show, as well as the Durban University of Technology Student Services.
Jele was thrilled to graduate, ‘This is a milestone for my son and I. Even though my mental health suffered, I am humbled and proud that I have made it this far.
‘Be passionate about your research topic,’ was the advice she had for other students. ‘Pay attention to every step of your research journey and know that it matters to help move our communities forward and to combat misinformation in the digital era.’
Jele plans to do another Master’s degree in International Relations and Policy.
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Abhi Indrarajan
author : .author email : .GBV Against Women of Foreign Descent in Durban, Study Investigates
A proud Dr Venencia Paidamoyo Nyambuya celebrates her graduation.‘I wanted to enable their voices to be heard and felt the best way to achieve that was to listen to their life stories,’ so says Dr Venencia Nyambuya who graduated with a PhD in Media and Cultural Studies.
Her research focused on documented and undocumented women of foreign descent challenging gender-based violence (GBV) in Durban amid xenophobia.
According to Nyambuya, violence and the abuse of women present an alarming challenge to development policy-makers because of the destabilisation and undermining of the human rights agenda.
‘In South Africa, GBV pervades the political, economic and social structures of society and is driven by strongly patriarchal social norms and complex intersectional power inequalities including those of gender, race, class and sexuality,’ she said.
While several studies on GBV have been conducted in South Africa, Nyambuya argues that little has been done on the lived experiences of female migrant victims who are facing the twin dangers of being an African foreigner as well as a woman.
‘Foreign African women have not only been subjected to abuse and violence but are not given a platform to voice their experiences in public; rather the discussions are left in the four walls of counselling rooms should they get there,’ she said. ‘Most of the women who formed part of my study are illegal immigrants who fear being in the public eye because of their immigration status. Being foreign nationals exacerbates their exposure to xenophobia and GBV.’
Nyambuya considers her study ‘important especially in this epoch where we have witnessed gross human rights perpetrated against vulnerable groups, women and children in South Africa.’
During her fieldwork, she often took on the role of a counsellor, encouraging some of the women to start small businesses such as doing hairdressing or becoming a street vendor to earn money to put food on the table. ‘When the abuse happened in their homes, some would call me seeking advice. Despite offering counsel, they would often go back to their abuser as if nothing had happened and it becomes a vicious cycle. Most women when advised to attend counselling sessions were too shy to go and that was a huge challenge for me. I had to encourage them in subtle ways. Some eventually sought professional help.’
Nyambuya thanked her family, friends and supervisor for their support during her studies. ‘This achievement also recognises your immense contribution and I am able to say it is ours and I am proud that we did it.’
Advising other students, she said: ‘This journey is one that you should walk at your own pace. Shortcuts are not always the best cuts. Take your time and produce a thesis you will be proud of.’
Nyambuya plans to pursue postdoctoral studies.
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Abhi Indrarajan
author : .author email : .Social Work a Calling for Graduate
Mr Siyabonga Shoba who has fulfilled his dream of becoming a social worker.‘Since high school, my goal has been to help those in need, especially abandoned children and the abused,’ says Bachelor of Social Work graduate Mr Siyabonga Shoba.
Being of service to other people has become a driving force in his life.
Shoba would often assist his classmates in high school with their problems and was at the forefront of community upliftment programmes, befriending those requiring help. He was considered a student hero for championing social work initiatives.
Shoba excelled academically at UKZN, earning the respect and trust of his peers. ‘My undergraduate years were life changing - I learned a lot about myself. In our home, my mother and sister are the only breadwinners, supporting a family of eight. With my degree, I know I can help them and others by doing social work.’
He completed his in-service training at the Umlazi Service Office of the Department of Social Development. ‘Working with people within my community has given me a taste of the world of work and what awaits me. I admire the people at the Umlazi Service Office and all they do for others.’
Shoba had this advice for students: ‘Enjoy your time at university. Learn to budget and save money. Seek counselling if you need support and take care of your mental health.’
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Rajesh Jantilal
author : .author email : .Student Perspectives on isiZulu as an Academic Language Examined
Dr Muhle Sibisi received a PhD in Linguistics.The attitudes of students towards isiZulu as an academic language were scrutinised in research by lecturer in the School of Arts Dr Muhle Sibisi who graduated with a PhD in Linguistics.
Sibisi says the influence of discipline-specific terminology came under special scrutiny.
In response to the constitutional directive of elevating indigenous African languages in South Africa, UKZN has developed discipline-specific terminology in isiZulu for studies in Administration, Architecture, Anatomy, Computer Science, Environmental Science, Law, Physics, Psychology and Nursing.
Sibisi’s findings indicate that the attitudes of isiZulu Home Language (L1) students are directly impacted by two distinct language learning experiences; those with increased exposure to L1 hold positive attitudes, while those with diminished exposure to L1 hold negative attitudes.
Sibisi discovered that the L1 students were not aware of the availability of the discipline-specific terminology in isiZulu at UKZN and that they find the terminology difficult to decipher, irrespective of their language learning experiences. For this reason, there is a preference for loan words in addition to the terminology in “correct” isiZulu.
Discipline-specific terminology in isiZulu should be used consistently throughout the schooling years of the students, according to Sibisi. ‘The terminology lists need to include loan words accessible to students. In this way, isiZulu, and other African languages, will be activated in academic contexts, the heterogeneity of L1 students will be catered for, and the students’ multilingualism will be a resource that enhances their academic performance,’ she said.
‘There is hope for African languages in education, but these languages need to play a prominent role alongside English - a dominant international language in South Africa. If African languages are given a platform, we are bound to witness low dropout rates, high throughput rates, and excellence in African students being unleashed.’
Sibisi said she was grateful for the support she got from family, friends and her supervisor Professor Heike Tappe. The time they allowed me as I journeyed through this phase and the encouragement and love I received, are immeasurable.’
On her future plans, Sibisi said: ‘I intend to stay in academia for as long as possible and hope to see tangible changes in the manner in which African languages are used in education.’
Words: Melissa Mungroo
Photograph: Abhi Indrarajan
author : .author email : .Master’s Study into Role of Social Relief of Distress Grant in Elandskop
Master’s graduate, Ms Nontobeko Nxele.UKZN Master of Social Sciences graduate Ms Nontobeko Nxele examined the role of the COVID-19 Social Relief of Distress Grant (SRD) within the community of Elandskop in Pietermaritzburg.
Nxele was determined to improve the quality of the lives of people who are exposed to poverty and need state support, working with disadvantaged groups who are the primary target of the SRD grant, listening to their views and discovering new ways to improve.
In her study, she uses a qualitative research approach, consisting of semi-structured interviews to collect data from 15 different participants of all genders and different ages, who are recipients of the SRD grant residing in Elandskop.
The usage of thematic analysis to collect data in this study revealed the following: main uses of SRD grant, challenges experienced trying to access the SRD grant, administration of the grant in rural areas and women’s experiences during COVID-19 lockdown.
Apart from Internet connectivity issues she faced which made it almost impossible to communicate with participants and get material from lectures, her research journey was filled with appalling discoveries, including women living in poor families who are expected to independently run successful households even if they are unemployed.
In addition, she shared her personal struggle of interacting with people. ‘My research required a lot of socialising and putting myself out there, which is something I often struggle with. Family and friends played a big role helping me with things, including approaching participants and asking for their co-operation. I am very grateful to them all,’ she said.
She is currently looking to get experiential training in her field of study but plans on furthering her studies in the future.
Nxele said all the challenging work she had put into her study had finally paid off. She urged her peers to always put in more effort and patience to receive a rewarding outcome.
Words: Sinoyolo Mahlasela
Photograph: Rajesh Jantilal
author : .author email : .