Cleft Lip and Palate Study Results in Doctoral Degree for Paediatrician
Dr Thirona Naicker graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy in Paediatrics and Child Health (Medicine).The first genetics study in South Africa on cleft lip and palate was funded by the Smile Train and titled: The Genetics of Orofacial Clefts in the African Setting.
Research work was conducted by Dr Thirona Naicker - a paediatrician in medical genetics, based at the Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH) in Durban - securing her a Doctor of Philosophy in Paediatrics and Child Health (Medicine) degree.
According to Naicker, orofacial clefts (OFCs) represent one of the top five birth defects in South Africa. The cause of OFCs is multifactorial and includes interactions between genes and environmental factors. ‘Our study, which investigated the genetic aetiology of OFCs in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), included 100 patients and their parents who were recruited at two Durban hospitals.’
Naicker’s study identified five rare, novel variants. Additionally, five of the 10 variants were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics classification. ‘These findings are interesting for KZN and South Africa as the study is the first to examine cleft genes among our population,’ she said. ‘Once we know more about South African cleft genes, we can offer an OFC gene panel to our patients for early diagnosis which will allow us to provide better counselling for them on the modes of inheritance of certain genes and possibly prevent OFCs in future generations using prenatal testing for these genes.’
Naicker hails from Pietermaritzburg and completed her Grade 12 at Raisethorpe Secondary. A wife and mother of two young children, Naicker experienced many challenges during her studies. ‘I am relieved to have completed this daunting and challenging task. The COVID-19 pandemic stopped saliva sample collection in 2020 and I was also unable to travel to the research lab at the University of Iowa to process samples,’ she said. ‘Professor Azeez Butali, my co-supervisor, and his students in Iowa worked on my samples. I eventually travelled to the USA this year to consolidate the lab work.’
‘UKZN is my alma mater as I completed my Medical degree in 2002 as well as my Paediatric diploma, fellowship and Master of Medicine through the prestigious Institution - this year marks our 20-year class reunion! UKZN has supported all my academic endeavours. Professor Colleen Aldous is an excellent supervisor, overseeing both my master’s and doctoral degrees. UKZN collaborated with the University of Iowa while Professor Butali was instrumental in guiding me through the project,’ said Naicker.
Said Aldous: ‘Dr Naicker has shown her dedication to both her patients and to science. She was passionate about her topic throughout her doctoral journey because she is one of those special people who sincerely want to make a difference. She exercised the same diligence in her master’s degree work, looking at the toll of haemophilia on the mothers of sons with the condition. Her diligence towards the integrity of the science she practices is unwavering. I am looking forward to her future scientific endeavours that most certainly will continue to move science in paediatrics and genetics forward for the good of her patients and our country.’
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Pain in the Back “Quite Common” in KZN - Research Finds
Chiropractor, Dr Morris Kahere, graduated with a PhD.Just over 18% of people in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) suffer from chronic lower back pain, according to a doctoral study.
The research done by Zimbabwean chiropractor Dr Morris Kahere, who graduated with a PhD in Public Health, found the prevalence in women (19.8%) was higher than that of men (15.85%).
Kahere’s study examined the burden of non-specific chronic low back pain among adults in KZN, with estimates on prevalence, risk factors, economic burden, and barriers to care.
Risk factors identified include work-related injuries, poor ergonomic posture and psychosocial well-being.
‘Several barriers were identified, including delayed care due to shortage of skilled personnel, which resulted in long waiting times,’ said Kahere. ‘The management of chronic low back pain was found to be poor in primary healthcare because the healthcare system was designed to deal with communicable diseases while non-communicable diseases were managed only at a referral level which was not easily accessible by everyone. Recommendation was given to ensure a change of emphasis from a pro-communicable disease focus to ensuring a sufficient allocation of healthcare resources towards non-communicable diseases control.’
He said his study experience at UKZN was rewarding. ‘I received great supervision, with a lot of engagement with fellow students, university-organised workshops, retreats, seminars, and conferences which made my PhD journey interesting.’
Kahere is more than happy about his accomplishment. ‘I am looking forward to embarking on full-time research contributing significantly to the community of public health with more emphasis on global health and sustainability.
‘I wanted to be involved with Public Health initiatives particularly as they relate to musculoskeletal health. There are three areas within public health that have been identified and call for intense professional focus: healthy ageing, opioid misuse, and the health of women, children, and adolescents.
‘The World Federation of Chiropractic aims to enable chiropractors to proactively participate in health promotion and prevention activities in these areas, through information dissemination and co-ordinated partnerships,’ he said. ‘This will align the chiropractic profession with the priorities of the World Health Organization. Successful engagement will support the role of chiropractors as valued partners within the broader healthcare system and contribute to the health and well-being of the community they serve.’
Kahere, currently working as a chiropractor in England, says he is looking forward to using chiropractic as a tool to help address the opioid misuse crisis by providing safe and effective non-pharmacological care.
Words: Nombuso Dlamini
Photograph: Sandile Ndlovu
author : .author email : .Doctoral Degree for Renowned Cleft Lip and Palate Surgeon
Cleft lip and palate surgeon, Professor Anil Madaree graduated with a PhD.World-renowned cleft lip and palate (CLP) surgeon Professor Anil Madaree, who is a Chief Specialist and Head of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at UKZN, graduated with a doctoral degree for his novel study on CLP surgical techniques on patients in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).
The Operation Smile medical director has been on numerous voluntary missions to treat and perform surgery on patients with CLP and other deformities in nine sub-Saharan African countries, Mexico, Philippines, Brazil, Nicaragua and Bolivia, among others.
Passionate about CLP and craniofacial reconstructive surgery, Madaree was recruited by the International Red Cross to do reconstructive medical work on post-war deformities suffered by people in Africa.
CLP is a fairly common congenital deformity and occurs in about 1:600-1 000 live births depending on factors such as the race and population group and geographical area being studied. According to Madaree, the epidemiology of CLP in KZN has not been previously investigated but the surgical techniques employed in procedures on CLP patients are probably the single most important factor in determining the outcomes in these patients.
Madaree’s study reviewed plastic surgery charts at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital from 2003 to 2019. All patients diagnosed with a cleft lip or palate were included, with the review revealing 1 487 consecutive cases of cleft patients. Based on the intensive review, Madaree conceptualised and introduced several new surgical techniques designed to repair the cleft lip and nasal deformity.
His study revealed that there were distinct epidemiological differences in CLP patients in KZN and he also introduced three new surgical techniques including a novel method of lip repair. The first technical innovation was the use of a design termed the symmetrical philtral column repair in unilateral cleft lip which was used in 500 patients. The second modification was to determine the indication for a two-stage repair in bilateral cleft lips and the third innovation was the correction of the cleft lip nasal deformity with septal repositioning and the use of a hypodermic needle to more accurately align the anatomy of the nasal cartilages.
The new surgical design and techniques employed to correct the lip and nose resulted in superior outcomes with two papers being published and a third submitted for publication.
According to Operation Smile, Madaree is one of South Africa’s most accomplished plastic surgeons with awards and recognition galore in a career that began over 30 years ago. Apart from his volunteer work, lecturing, his clinical commitments and publishing, Madaree has also served in a number of key positions including as president of the Colleges of Medicine in South Africa, president of the International Society of Craniofacial Surgeons, president of the Association of Plastic Reconstructive Surgeons of South Africa and president of the SA Burns Society.
Madaree enjoys running, yoga, travelling and playing the guitar. He has two sons, Amrik and Tanur, and a daughter, Kiya.
Words: MaryAnn Francis
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Ghanaian Chief Graduates with Phd in Telemedicine
PhD graduate and Paramount Chief of the Osu Traditional Area, Accra, Ghana, Dr Michael Nii Addotey Addotey-Delove.The Paramount Chief of the Osu Traditional Area in Accra, Ghana, Dr Michael Nii Addotey Addotey-Delove has been awarded a PhD in Telemedicine.
Said Addotey-Delove: ‘I see this accomplishment as an opportunity to turn around the fortunes of my people for the better by assisting the Ghana Health Service and the Ministry of Health in addressing challenges involved in the National eHealth Architecture and Strategy.’
His study investigated adoption factors for healthcare workers and patients in the developing world using an alternative adoption framework from TAM/ UTAUT for both patients and health workers. ‘Conceptual models were developed for both groups. From these, the conceptual Patient-Healthcare Workers’ Adoption Framework for mHealth (PHAFm) was developed.’
Addotey-Delove said he studied the programme because a large section of the developing world’s population lived in rural areas where access to quality healthcare services remained a major challenge. eHealth with its derivatives - telemedicine, telehealth, health informatics and eLearning, including mHealth - promised to be a gamechanger in supporting citizens in resource-poor regions to access quality healthcare.
During his studies he had to deal with two main challenges - a delay in getting his first paper published and a feeling that he was taking too long to complete the programme. ‘I overcame them with encouragement from my supervisors; Professor Maurice Mars and co-supervisor Professor Richard E Scott, who were always available to guide me through every stage of the journey,’ said Addotey-Delove.
With his current position as the Osu Mantse, Addotey-Delove intends to push the frontiers of digital health in Ghana and West Africa to bridge the inequality gap in the accessibility of quality healthcare between rural and urban communities.
Words: Nombuso Dlamini
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Hormonal Contraceptives Under the Microscope
Dr Refilwe Molatlhegi graduated with a PhD.Over the last 20 years several clinical studies have provided data associating the use of hormonal contraceptives (HCs), particularly depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA/Depo) with a heightened HIV risk among women.
In an effort to better understand the mucosal and systemic impact of HCs on the female body, UKZN lecturer Dr Refilwe Molatlhegi investigated the effect of DMPA (Depo) and NET-EN (Norethisterone enanthate) on the systemic and mucosal milieu of African women at high risk of HIV infection.
The study earned Molatlhegi a PhD from UKZN’s School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences.
Her research findings showed that both DMPA and NET-EN are not broadly inflammatory but they are associated with reduced growth factors, including those important for mucosal epithelial repair. Reduction of these growth factors could be detrimental in women who suffer abrasions during sex or other forms of mucosal injury, therefore the continued search for safer contraceptives is essential for the benefit of women of reproductive age.
As a youngster Molatlhegi was interested in HIV, STI and cancer research as they were the main medical health issues that made the headlines on TV and radio. She knew that doing a PhD would allow her to join forces with other researchers working to reduce the burden of HIV and STIs, particularly in women living in high-risk areas.
It was not all plain sailing for her - three months into her PhD her supervisor left for Canada and she had limited access to him. However, she says that taught her to be independent and think on her own while her supervisor created time for virtual meetings and face-to-face meetings whenever he could.
She says she was fortunate to have Dr Sinaye Ngcapu and Dr Aida Sivro as her co-supervisors.
She also had to juggle her full-time work and studies. However, her job provided her with financial security.
‘I am grateful for the strong support structure provided by my family and friends, and for my supervisors as well as for the supportive environment the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) mucosal group and lab staff provided me with during my studies.’
Molatlhegi (31) says her experience at UKZN led to her becoming a strong and competitive academic and researcher in her field. ‘The countless research, data analysis, teaching, manuscript writing, supervision and teaching workshops helped me with skills to secure my place here at UKZN as a student and for life after university.
Molatlhegi is a developmental lecturer in Medical Microbiology.
Words: Lihle Sosibo
Photograph: Sandile Ndlovu
author : .author email : .Research Compares Impact of Physiotherapy Electrophysical Modality with Conventional Asthma Medication
Dr Eniola Awolola earns a PhD in Physiotherapy.The impact of a physiotherapy electrophysical modality compared to that of conventional asthma medication was the focus of research by Dr Eniola Awolola for his PhD in Physiotherapy.
Inspired by his master’s degree findings, Awolola chose to study further and examined the best position to administer the modality and test its ability to reverse airway obstruction in asthma.
The results indicated that the modality is most effective when combined with a short-acting bronchodilator in a 45deg body position. Other findings discovered that asthma patients enjoy better relief in a 90deg long sitting position.
Awolola said he was excited about his accomplishment, especially because the COVID-19 pandemic had delayed the commencement of his work.
‘I look forward to my next degree. My utmost desire is to make more ground-breaking discoveries in my contribution to human existence.’
Currently working as Chief Physiotherapist at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria, Awolola plans to move from clinical practice into academia.
Words: Mandisa Shozi
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .PhD Research Investigates Mental Health Issues Caused by Use of Antiretroviral Drugs
Dr Sodiq Kolawole Lawal graduated with a PhD in Health Sciences.Dr Sodiq Kolawole Lawal of Nigeria was awarded a PhD in Health Sciences (Anatomy) for his study investigating the management of HIV using novel nanotechnology coupled with antiretroviral therapy.
The research delved into neglected aspects of mental health such as anxiety, loss of memory and cognitive dysfunction arising as a consequence of antiretroviral drug interactions with the human body system which causes people living with HIV and AIDS to experience abnormal stress levels.
Lawal’s study is the first to describe, at the ultrastructural and cytoarchitectonic level, the effects, and interactions of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-silver nanoparticle conjugates on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in fructose Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.
The research has produced published articles with Lawal as the first and corresponding author in the Q1/Q2 journals IBRO Neuroscience Reports (Elsevier), the Journal of Diabetes Research (Hindawi), and the Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Science. Two articles are under review with Frontiers Pharmacology and Journal of Neurochemistry.
Lawal was one of the 200 students selected to attend and present their research work at the Bio Africa Convention, Durban 2022 as well as received a travel grant to attend the International Society of Neurochemistry (ISN) and the Asian Pacific Society of Neurochemistry (APSN) meeting in Honolulu Hawaii, USA 2022.
Said 39-year-old Lawal, ‘I am filled with joy. My future aspiration is to become a top neuroscientist and to work in an institution or laboratory that would help me reach my full potential. My supervisors Dr Carmen Rennie, Dr Edwin Naidu, and Professor Onyemaechi Azu were excellent.
‘I am also very grateful for the support given to me by the Biomedical Research Unit (BRU) staff, UKZN management and the South African government.’
Lawal, who hopes to secure an international postdoctoral position and a full-time lecturing appointment, completed his Bachelor of Science degree at Nigeria’s University of Ilorin and his Master’s degree in Science at the University of Lagos.
Words: Lihle Sosibo
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Zimbabwean Immigrants in SA Live in Fear of the Unknown - Study Finding
Overcoming obstacles to achieve a PhD is Dr Rowan Madzamba.Many Zimbabwean immigrants in South Africa have experienced or witnessed discrimination and expect to be a victim of social violence in some way in the future.
This is according to a study by Dr Rowan Madzamba of Zimbabwe which earned him a PhD in Public Health from UKZN. Madzamba’s research examined the prevalence of traumatic incidents experienced by Zimbabwean immigrants and how the migration process and losses involved, result in stressful psychological acculturation and behaviour change.
His study revealed that nearly every Zimbabwean immigrant in South Africa had witnessed and/or experienced discrimination and xenophobia and still expected to encounter social violence at some time in the future. It also revealed that immigrants live in fear of the unknown which hinders them from fully integrating into South African society.
‘Language and communication barriers as well as a different interpretation of culture regarding treatment and sickness are the main challenges health professionals face when attending to migrant patients. The study further shows that the public health information and data system which report current public health information do not address migration adequately, and there is a poor understanding of migration and health in South Africa,’ said Madzamba.
‘My PhD journey was exciting, challenging and an experience which needed courage and lots of emotional support,’ he said. ‘Growing up an orphan, I completed high school in Zimbabwe, moving to South Africa for my tertiary education.’
He said the experience of being an immigrant and a young man with no family in South Africa was a challenge in itself. ‘Completing my PhD is one of the greatest achievements of my life which I believe my mother, wherever she may be, would be proud of as well. Coming to South Africa, the goal and mission was to obtain a PhD. It really was a journey of ups and downs, heartbreak and betrayal before the goal was achieved.’
Madzamba is currently looking for a postdoctoral position and lecturing post locally or internationally.
Words: Nombuso Dlamini
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Hopes High that PhD Research will Inform New Diabetes Treatment Strategies
Doctor of Philosophy in Health Sciences graduate, Dr Vuyolwethu Mxinwa.A UKZN researcher hopes that his findings will further inform new treatment strategies aimed at preventing cardiovascular complications associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The study resulted in Dr Vuyolwethu Mxinwa being awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Health Sciences (Physiology) from UKZN during the Spring Graduation ceremonies.
Mxinwa’s study sought to understand the interrelationship between the immune and metabolic systems, with a special focus on diet-induced obesity, metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular complications.
His PhD research work showed that a high fat diet alters the metabolic system and the body’s ability to breakdown fats and glucose leading to an increase in blood glucose insulin and cholesterol levels.
The study also revealed that the changes in glucose and cholesterol levels alter the types of innate lymphoid cells and the proteins that these cells release in the blood, which are referred to as cytokines.
Additionally, Mxinwa’s work illustrated that taking the lipid-lowering drug fluvastatin, and the glucose-lowering drug metformin reduced inflammation associated with specific innate lymphoid cells and improved the levels of blood glucose.
Mxinwa grew up in Lusikisiki in the Eastern Cape, completing his matric at Siwali High - a rural school which had no science or computer laboratories at the time. His first encounter with computers was at UKZN.
‘My PhD is a huge accomplishment, not just for me and my family but also for the community I come from,’ said Mxinwa (30). ‘To my knowledge I am the first person to obtain a PhD from my high school - I hope and believe I will not be the last as my academic success should encourage more people from my community to enrol for postgraduate studies when there is an opportunity.’
Mxinwa enrolled at UKZN in 2018 and in 2020 was appointed as a lecturer in the Discipline of Human Physiology at the School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences. He is still actively involved in undergraduate teaching and supervising MSc and honours research postgraduate students.
During the course of his PhD journey he authored and co-authored more than 20 publications and a book chapter.
He was recently awarded the Research Equipment Grant of R561 125 under the category of emerging researchers.
‘My experience as a student at UKZN was great. I made friends and connections who have contributed greatly to my growth as a researcher and as a human being,’ said Mxinwa.
‘I had the privilege to work with supervisors of the calibre; Professor Bongani Nkambule and Professor Phiwayinkosi Dludla who both played a huge role in my development as an academic.’
Words: Lihle Sosibo
Photograph: Sandile Ndlovu
author : .author email : .PhD Study Explores Indoor Air Bacterial and Fungal Concentrations in Residential Environments
Dr Adekunle Fakunle graduated with a PhD in Occupational and Environmental Health.Environmental epidemiology and its contribution to providing protection against communicable diseases in Africa and beyond was the focus of doctoral research by Dr Adekunle Fakunle who graduated with a PhD in Occupational and Environmental Health.
The study provides comprehensive epidemiological evidence of the indoor air bacterial and fungal concentrations, composition and diversity in residential environments. It also describes the benefits of using both the culture-dependent and culture-independent high-throughput sequencing approach to unravel the association between indoor bacterial and fungal microbiome and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) in children under the age of five.
Environmental epidemiology is a branch of epidemiology concerned with determining how environmental exposures impact human health.
Supervised by Professor Rajen Naidoo and co-supervised by Dr Nkosana Jafta, Fakunle’s findings showed that early-life exposure to airborne bacterial and fungal community is associated with LRTI among children under the age of five. The bacterial and fungal abundance and community structure differed significantly between homes of children under the age of five with and without LRTI.
The Nigerian-born graduate was awarded the European Respiratory Society (ERS)-Short-Term Fellowship to carry out the microbiome analysis for his samples at Utrecht University in The Netherlands. Unfortunately, COVID-19 made it impossible to travel and ship the samples last year.
‘I am excited about completing a PhD degree at one of the best institutions in Africa. It is a special accomplishment for me and I have learned so much in the process while developing skills which will certainly help me contribute significantly to my discipline,’ said Fakunle.
He is currently working on more papers from his research and looks forward to obtaining postdoctoral opportunities to further his career and contribute significantly to reducing the burden of diseases.
Words: Mandisa Shozi
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Master’s Graduate Dedicates Degree to Late Father
Master’s student Ms Thembile Zikhali-Myeni (left) with her supervisor Dr Zamadonda Xulu-Kasaba.Masters in Optometry graduate Ms Thembile Zikhali-Myeni has dedicated her degree to her late father, Mr DV Zikhali who died recently at the age of 67.
‘After completing my undergraduate degree, the School of Optometry together with the Dean of Health Sciences offered me a scholarship to pursue my postgraduate studies from 2014,’ said Zikhali-Myeni. ‘Unfortunately, my undergraduate bursary contract required me to work in return for the funding so I was unable to take up that option.
‘I was also struggling with academic writing as well as being challenged by data costs, COVID-19, and being a full-time employee, a wife and a mother of four - it was a constant battle and the uphills in my academic journey seemed to generally overpower the successes,’ she said.
However, she stayed the course and excelled.
Her research was titled: Mapping Evidence on the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Teleophthalmology to Complement Human Resources for Eye Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Zikhali-Myeni said the study aimed to highlight documented evidence on the use of teleophthalmology in the management of diabetic retinopathy globally, assess the strategies in teleophthalmology that are suitable for primary healthcare, and further explore how teleophthalmology can complement human resources for eye health and reduce the impact of their shortage in primary healthcare settings.
She is proud of publishing two papers in peer-reviewed journals during her master’s degree studies and is very thankful to her supervisor, Dr Zamadonda Xulu-Kasaba, for mentoring and supporting her.
Currently reading for her doctoral degree, she has always wanted to be a healthcare worker. Zikhali-Myeni plans to bring positive change and hope to those in need of eye care.
Words: Mandisa Shozi
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Backyard Pigs Subject of Doctoral Research
Dr Ravendra Singh Chauhan celebrates graduating with a PhD with his wife Ruchika and daughter Ojasvi.The Prevalence of Various Animal RiboNucleic Acid (RNA) Viruses in Backyard Pig Populations in South Africa was the subject of a PhD study conducted at UKZN’s School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (Medical Microbiology).
The study revealed the diversity of various swine enteric RNA viruses in South African backyard pig populations.
The study, which resulted in Dr Ravendra Singh Chauhan graduating with a PhD in Philosophy (Medical Microbiology), revealed that rotaviruses such as Rotavirus A and Rotavirus C and the Hepatitis E virus may be circulating in South African backyard pig populations undetected due to subclinical infections in pigs. These viruses have a zoonotic propensity and therefore can be transmitted to humans.
While Rotaviruses can cause diarrhoea in children, Hepatitis E virus infections may develop into chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised individuals. The prevalence of swine enteric viruses in domestic pigs poses a risk of diarrhoeic diseases in pigs which can affect their growth and cause economic losses to the pig farmers.
Chauhan says a PhD degree is not only an academic qualification but a journey that equips young minds with scientific knowledge. ‘The skills that I acquired during the PhD programme at UKZN will enable me to translate my ideas into tools to serve the people. My research findings will serve as a reference for future detection of RNA viruses at South African backyard pig farms.
‘I was attracted towards the PhD programme in Medical Microbiology because the programme prepares graduates with the necessary skills to embark on microbiology/virology research.’
One of the major challenges he encountered during his studies was caused by the COVID-19 lockdowns and movement restrictions which delayed his lab work for a few months, however, he kept his spirits high and wrote several review articles related to influenza.
‘I must admit that writing the reviews related to my research during the lockdown helped inform me about the latest developments in the field, equipping me with several innovative research ideas I will explore in the near future.
‘I am thankful to my PhD supervisor Professor Michelle Gordon for mentoring and supporting me each step of the way during the PhD programme,’ said Chauhan.
‘Currently, I am a visiting researcher at Rhodes University where I am associated with a variety of exciting research projects related to virus surveillance. In the long-term, I hope to get established in the industry producing cutting-edge research for the benefit of society.
‘I am the first scientist in my family. I believe that family support is necessary to excel in any career. I am blessed to be surrounded by wonderful people in my family who are always there for me,’ he added.
Words: Lihle Sosibo
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Study Reveals Healthy Chickens are Possible Reservoir for Pathogenic Salmonella
Farm-to-Fork approach earns UKZN staffer, Dr Melissa Ramtahal, a PhD.UKZN Research Technician Dr Melissa Ramtahal graduated with a PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences following a study using the farm-to-fork approach to assess salmonella contamination in an intensive poultry farm.
Supervised by Professor Sabiha Essack, Ramtahal’s investigation was titled: Molecular Epidemiology of Salmonella in Poultry from Farm-to-Fork in the uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal.
The results revealed that healthy chickens could be a reservoir for pathogenic, virulent and antibiotic-resistant salmonella. ‘In South Africa a suitable surveillance system is important to monitor foodborne pathogens such as salmonella to ensure food safety for consumers,’ she said.
‘I enjoy research that focuses on public health significance and as a UKZN employee was given the opportunity to further my studies within the Antimicrobial Research Unit (ARU). I am excited and glad that I was able to complete this. For now, I will remain an employee of UKZN but I do believe that my PhD is a platform that will allow me to explore and take on other opportunities within the research domain.’
Ramtahal says her study experience at UKZN was a long but fulfilling journey with many life and academic lessons learned along the way. ‘I hope to share the knowledge I gained during my PhD with others in the ARU team as well as continue to learn more in the field of molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance.’
She said trying to maintain a balance as a permanent employee and a part-time student with a laboratory-based project was a challenge. ‘However, perseverance is key, together with a supportive supervisor like Professor Essack, an amazing research team, faith and focus.’
Words: Nombuso Dlamini
Photograph: Sandile Ndlovu
author : .author email : .UKZN Lecturer Graduates with PhD Despite Hiccups Along the Way
Dr Zamadonda Xulu-Kasaba (right) is congratulated by her close friend, Dr Winnie Cele.This qualification marks a significant point in my life as it begins a process of growth in my career, opening the way to success, personal development and overall advancement...I’m truly grateful to the Lord for standing by me.
These are the words of UKZN lecturer and Optometry PhD graduate Dr Zamadonda Xulu-Kasaba, who had to cope with delays on her road to academic success.
‘I had some differences with my first supervisors and ended the association and my doctoral studies for that year,’ said Xulu-Kasaba. ‘In 2019, I found new supervision and planned to start again in 2020 but was halted by the Coronavirus which brought most of the world to a standstill forcing me to teach my children at home in addition to working on my PhD and learning how to deliver lectures online and supervise students virtually! Once again, the doctorate had to take the back seat and I had to wait for the following year to register,’ she said.
Xulu-Kasaba’s study aimed to evaluate eye health within the region under the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health against the background of National Health Insurance to ensure accessible health care for all.
In her study, she developed a framework to assist policymakers to ensure eye healthcare for all through adequate staffing. Her publications will be forwarded to the Department of Health for their possible use.
Originally from King Dinuzulu Township in Eshowe, Xulu-Kasaba, says she draws her strength from prayer and is grateful for a family that supported her in reaching her dreams.
Xulu-Kasaba graduated with a student Ms Thembile Zikhali who she supervised for a master’s degree.
Words: Mandisa Shozi
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Graduate Wants to Make a Difference in People’s Lives
Dr Thanujj Kisten with his supervisor Professor Rowena Naidoo.PhD graduate in Sports Science Dr Thanujj Kisten says he plans to make a meaningful difference in people’s lives with skills learned during his studies.
‘I feel happy and proud of my accomplishments. Looking ahead, I aim to expand my current biokinetics practice,’ said Kisten, a sessional lecturer at UKZN.
He also hopes to do research specifically around non-communicable diseases.
Kisten, who has always been passionate about sport and helping people, said: ‘I completed my honours in Sports Science and qualified as a biokineticist spurred by a desire to make a difference in people’s lives. My grandmother was my inspiration and it was mainly because of her that I was able to motivate myself to enrol for my master’s and PhD.’
He experienced several challenges during his postgraduate years - some personal and others related to the University with regards to ethics, participant recruitment and the COVID-19 lockdown.
‘During my PhD studies my dad passed on,’ said Kisten. ‘He was my strength, helping me work through all challenges. My mother and sister also supported me - without their help and motivation I would not be where I am today. I will be forever grateful to them.’
His study focused on developing an anti-doping intervention protocol for U-17 soccer players and, according to Kisten, it is the first in which an anti-doping intervention protocol was guided by the Chaos Theory.
‘It is evident that changing the starting point in the components of an anti-doping protocol significantly improved the behaviour of participants. Therefore, the Chaos Theory should be taken into consideration when developing an intervention for health-related behaviour change programmes,’ he said.
‘Overall I had a good experience with my studies at UKZN. I am grateful to the campus and my supervisor, Professor Rowena Naidoo, for her professionalism and guidance.’
Kisten, currently lecturing at Wits University, grew up in Tongaat and matriculated at Seatides Combined School.
Words: Nombuso Dlamini
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Use of Specialist Nurses Examined in Doctoral Study
Dr Nondumiso Shangase is congratulated by her friend and colleague, Dr Ndumiso Ngidi.Examination officer at the KwaZulu-Natal College of Nursing, Dr Nondumiso Shangase, has been awarded a Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing.
Shangase’s study was titled: An Analysis of the Culture of Specialisation of Advanced Practice Nurses in Three Selected Provinces in South Africa.
She says her research found there was a lack of relevant legislation and regulations for specialist nurses which limited their use of specialist skills because of a concern about litigation. Furthermore, her study established that management ‘fell short in terms of leadership skills’ and newly-qualified specialist nurses felt underutilised.
With previous studies looking at individual components of Nursing specialisation, Shangase hopes her work offers recommendations that provide insight into the concept or title of Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) and will provide a specific scope of practice and job description in line with the qualification of APN.
‘I am excited that after a long journey I have accomplished this degree and produced results during a time when they are required by the South African Nursing profession to delineate the scopes of practice of specialist nurses,’ said Shangase.
She thanked her research supervisor, who she said was grounded in research, and supportive and patient.
Originally from the iLembe district in Ndwedwe, Shangase is preparing to present her research findings at the upcoming Nurse Educators Conference and introduce her integration programme to the Department of Health Management.
Words: Mandisa Shozi
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Benefits of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Supplement for HIV/AIDS Sufferers Investigated
PhD in Public Health graduate, Dr Aishatu Gambo with her supervisor Professor Nceba Gqaleni (left).Moringa oleifera may have the potential to improve the immune status and quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) in low-income countries, according to a doctoral study.
The research was completed by Dr Aishatu Gambo who graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health through UKZN. Gambo obtained both her undergraduate Pharmacy degree and her MPharm degree at the Ahmadu Bello University in Nigeria.
She is originally from Nigeria where there is a high prevalence of HIV and malnutrition.
Gambo says having worked as a hospital and community pharmacist for 18 years, she’s always been interested and involved in helping find ways to alleviate the challenges of vulnerable people and improve their health outcomes.
Her research was not all plain sailing. ‘I conducted an interventional clinical trial that came with a lot of financial and ethical implications,’ she said. ‘The death of my first supervisor was a major challenge as it was upsetting and caused a lot of uncertainty about completing my study. But luckily with the expertise of my new supervisor, patience, hard work and perseverance it all worked out.’
Gambo says her research established that moringa oleifera could improve the immune status and quality of life of PLHIV in low-income countries. She hopes to see patients benefitting from this discovery.
Gambo enjoyed her time at UKZN. ‘My supervisor was vastly experienced and very understanding while UKZN staff were generally very friendly. I also loved the scenery around Durban.’
She is currently building a career path in public health nutrition and hopes to get involved in international clinical trials to gain global experience.
Words: Mandisa Shozi
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Graduate’s Heart Set on Being Involved in New Drug Discovery
Dr Vincent Adeiza Obakachi graduated with a PhD in Pharmaceutical Chemistry.A scientist in the field of drug discovery is what a UKZN doctoral graduate aspires to be!
Said Dr Vincent Adeiza Obakachi of Nigeria who was awarded a PhD in Pharmaceutical Chemistry: ‘I feel very excited and satisfied as a PhD graduate. My desire is to play a part in the developmental stages of the drug discovery process by designing, synthesising, and evaluating potential novel compounds of biological and therapeutic interest,’ said Obakachi.
He said his PhD journey had been difficult. ‘The environment and people I worked with made life unpleasant for me. I needed to learn a lot from the beginning because it was a new area for me and expectations were just too high. I nearly quit but being Nigerian I soldiered on - anything we start we finish, there’s no going back.’
Obakachi’s study examined designing, synthesising, and evaluating potential novel compounds of biological and therapeutic interest. ‘We found some potential lead compounds to be active against our target.’
He is currently a postdoctoral associate at UKZN.
Words: Nombuso Dlamini
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Doctoral Graduate Set on Contributing to Cancer Research
Dr Thandokuhle Ntombela graduated with a PhD in Pharmaceutical Chemistry.UKZN Postdoctoral Fellow Dr Thandokuhle Ntombela graduated with a PhD in Pharmaceutical Chemistry - a field he chose to help him become a researcher, especially in the field of drug development.
Ntombela hopes to contribute to research into cancer - a disease which robbed him of his mother.
‘It is a privilege to have come this far and I aim to make significant contributions in industry or in academia,’ he said.
Supervised by Professor Gert Kruger and Dr Glenn Maguire, his study focused on addressing the challenge of drug resistance in TB as the current treatment courses are lengthy, expensive, and toxic.
‘The alternative way the study pursued was to design peptide-based drugs targeting the key cell wall enzyme in drug-resistant TB strains using computational techniques,’ said Ntombela.
‘Studying at UKZN was great. The support I received from the College postgraduate officers; Ms Phindile Nene and Ms Thulisile Khumalo, was magnificent.
Ntombela is from Empangeni where he completed his matric at Uyengo High School.
Words: Nombuso Dlamini
Photograph: Sandile Ndlovu
author : .author email : .Sports Science Master’s Degree for Biokineticist
Biokineticist Ms Chandrisha Juggath earned a Master’s degree in Sports Science.Ashleigh Hall and Associates’ biokineticist Ms Chandrisha Juggath graduated with a Master’s degree in Sports Science following a study examining the psychological influence of injuries on athletes returning to play after injury.
‘We found that there are various negative thoughts and feelings that athletes go through when they are injured which may affect their rehabilitation outcome,’ said Juggath. ‘The research results established that not every physically fit athlete is psychologically ready to return to sport and that more importance and attention needs to be placed on assessing these aspects so that they can be addressed timeously.’
According to Juggath, her study is one of the very few that assesses athletes’ fear avoidance as well as their psychological readiness to return to play and also finds correlation and patterns between the two components.
‘I am extremely proud of myself for this achievement,’ she said. ‘I put in a lot of hard work and effort and it has all paid off now,’ said Juggath.
She will start her PhD in January 2023 and thereafter hopes to be able to work as an academic in a field she is confident she will excel in.
Juggath is interested in sports, including rehabilitative sports, and musculoskeletal injuries and conditions. ‘I also particularly enjoy constantly learning and contributing to existing knowledge so a good way for me to do so is to engage in research. I would also like to use this qualification to assist me to become a researcher.’
She said one of the hardest parts of conducting her study was that she started data collection during a period where the pandemic was restricting a lot of sporting activities so she had a challenge with recruiting enough participants but thankfully with the assistance of her supervisor, Professor Rowena Naidoo, she managed to persevere and eventually overcame this challenge.
‘A lot of my support and encouragement to overcome obstacles during my research came from my family. My father is constantly at my side and always doing the most to ensure my success and my husband is a pillar of strength and support in everything I do.’
Words: Nombuso Dlamini
Photograph: Sandile Ndlovu
author : .author email : .Doctorate in Occupational Therapy for Business Owner in Namibia
Occupational Therapist and entrepreneur, Dr Gwarega Chibaya, graduated with a PhD.A big dream is now a reality. It’s my time to improve my scope of practice through research implementation and to support the Namibian disability sector.’
The above are the words of the owner and founder of Spa Bliss Occupational Therapy Private Practice in Namibia, Dr Gwarega Chibaya, who graduated with a PhD in Occupational Therapy.
Supervised by Professor Pragashnie Govender and Professor Deshini Naidoo, Chibaya’s thesis was titled: Advocating for Action to Promote Implementation of the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in Namibia.
His research findings have revealed implementation gaps linked to limited information on the contents of the UNCRPD among persons with disabilities. The process of engaging stakeholders provided an opportunity to identify and reduce potential UNCRPD implementation barriers.
Through appreciative inquiry methods as part of participatory action research, a UNCRPD implementation strategic action plan was developed. ‘The action plan is aimed at developing an Education and Outreach Tool for the Namibia Grassroots Disability Community to promote disability rights discourse thereby accelerating the implementation of the UNCRPD in Namibia,’ he said.
‘The outcome of the strategic action plan is to empower persons with disabilities with knowledge on the contents and use of the UNCRPD. The ripple effect of empowering persons with disabilities using an education outreach tool exposes and challenges the embedded occupational injustices and inequalities,’ said Chibaya.
He pursued this study to widen his scope of understanding about inclusive policy implementation and practice.
The impact of non-inclusive COVID-19 pandemic policies was a challenge for Chibaya. ‘Empowering participants some of whom were misinformed, uninformed or under-informed on its impact, increased the enthusiasm of some persons with disabilities to take part in the study. Most persons with disabilities were left in misery, despair and helplessness, especially when they heard that people with comorbidities were dying.’
He said overall his study experience at UKZN was very impressive ‘given the supportive nature of my supervisors and the availability of study resources.’
Words: Nombuso Dlamini
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Zimbabwean Student Graduates with a PhD in Sports Science
PhD in Sports Science graduate, Dr Cecil Tafireyi with his wife Cecila Chimendza.‘It’s a great achievement and I feel privileged, blessed and honoured to have reached this milestone. I intend to pursue research further and perhaps progress to a more fulfilling role in academics and beyond,’ said Dr Cecil Tafireyi, who graduated with a PhD in Health Science (Sports Science).
Supervised by Professor Jeanne Martin Grace, Tafireyi investigated Physical Activity (PA) and Health Promotion (HP) guidelines for Eswatini University students.
‘I have a great interest in physical education and health promotion, hence my future aspirations rest in public health global roles,’ said Tatireyi (42), who is from Zimbabwe.
Tafireyi’s study aimed to establish the healthy lifestyle habits of university students in Eswatini and create intervention guidelines for them. ‘Results from the measurements of healthy habits confirmed that Eswatini university students live unhealthy lifestyles and do not meet recommended daily requirements,’ he said. ‘As a result, the study created the first evidence-based PA and HP guidelines for Eswatini University students.’
Tafireyi’s results were published in two articles in international and peer-reviewed accredited journals.
He said his study was the first of its kind in Eswatini to create evidence-based PA and HP guidelines for university students.
According to Tafireyi, he had an amazing study experience at UKZN! ‘This awesome experience was mainly due to the excellent work ethic of my supervisor Professor Jeanne Martin Grace, whom I worked with for four years. She led me to understand research in simple and effective terms and guided me in writing professionally.
‘After completing my master’s degree under her supervision, I convinced myself to study for a doctorate at UKZN, again under her supervision.’
He also acknowledged the financial support he received from UKZN through a College of Health Sciences PhD scholarship and a research scholarship. ‘I did not have to worry about financial issues at all during my studies,’ he said.
Tafireyi, currently a sports teacher and part-time lecturer at the Sifundzani International School/Euro Africa Campus in Eswatini, is compiling proposals for postdoctoral fellowships and intends to take leading roles in academia and public health organisations at an international level.
After completing four degrees and three diplomas aligned with sports science and physical education, Tafireyi believed that a doctorate in health sciences would define and position him better globally. ‘I got interested in health promotion, given the global need for public health professionals. The programme suited my background, experience and future aspirations.’
Words: Nombuso Dlamini
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .PhD Study Identifies Antibodies for Potential HIV-1 Prevention and Cure Strategies
PhD graduate, Dr Tawanda Mandizvo celebrates his graduation with his brother Takudwa.A study exploring broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) which have potential clinical utility in HIV-1 prevention and cure strategies earned Dr Tawanda Mandizvo a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Medicine (Virology).
The study identified antibodies most likely to be effective for clinical use in an HIV-1 subtype C prevalent setting and went further to describe viral mutational patterns associated with neutralisation escape from these antibodies.
He investigated 15 bNAbs with diverse biophysical properties that target six distinct epitopes of the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein for their ability to block viruses that initiate infection and viruses circulating in plasma at chronic infection before antiretroviral treatment (ART) or were archived in the reservoir during ART in 14 HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals in Durban in a high HIV burden setting.
Mandizvo said: ‘Given the years it took and the tenacity and endurance needed, I am humbled by this milestone achievement. I am grateful for the support I received from my colleagues at the Africa Health Research Institute and the HIV Pathogenesis Programme in particular as well as my research advisors Professor Thumbi Ndung’u and Dr Kamini Gounder.
‘I have always wanted my projects to address the needs of communities and geographical areas in southern Africa and Africa as a whole. In addition, I dreamed of being part of a solution to help control the devastating HIV and TB co-epidemic in Africa and beyond - studying virology was thus a logical decision.’
Mandizvo is currently working in the field of medical communications where he is enjoying his current role as a scientific partner in different therapeutic areas.
‘I had an incredible 12-year journey at UKZN; I would not edit out any of my experiences,’ he said.
‘My highlight was getting the opportunity to work in world-class laboratories at the Africa Health Research Institute and having access to mentorship by top scientists through the Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence Fellowship.’
Words: Lihle Sosibo
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .Study on Effects of Nano-Delivery Systems for Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Dr Edwin Naidu (left) is congratulated by his supervisor and mentor, Professor Onyemaechi Azu.Effects of nano-delivery systems for highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in an animal model was the focus of research conducted by Dr Edwin Naidu (59), who was awarded a PhD in Health Sciences (Anatomy).
This study investigated the effects and toxicity profile of nano-delivery systems using novel nano-formulations to penetrate privileged tissue in managing complications associated with HIV infection.
The key findings were that ion-paired vancomycin-linoleic acid conjugates in solid lipid nanoparticles had superior penetration into protected anatomical sanctuary sites. However, the toxicity potential to sensitive reproductive tissue and metabolic-excretory organs, was still a cause for concern.
‘It feels good to have been able to overcome many challenges and finish despite setbacks. I was truly blessed to have had a brilliant and dedicated supervisor in Professor Onyemaechi Azu, and a wonderful Morphology and Andrology Group team,’ said Naidu, a senior lecturer at UKZN.
He said lecturing in Human Anatomy at UKZN for nearly three decades had been fulfilling and he hoped to pass on some of his research experience to students and colleagues before retiring.
Among challenges he faced were dealing with illness and the untimely deaths of his brother Dr Jesse S Naidu, his colleague Mr Salem Kharwa, and his long-time friend and UCT supervisor Dr Lester John, who all died in tragic circumstances during his study which he dedicated to their memory.
Naidu’s master’s degree was in the field of clinical pharmacology which focused on pharmacokinetics and toxicology giving him an opportunity to earn a distinction for his dissertation on clinical trial simulations using non-linear regression analysis mixed effects modelling (NONMEM).
This unique experience together with a medical background, provided an ideal opportunity to further his interest and gain mastery in the exciting field of nano-medicine.
His thesis generated four publications, two of which achieved milestones - one being the top cited review paper in 2020-2021 (https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.776) and the other, the research paper having over 1 000 reads in one year (doi:10.1080/21691401.2021.1968883). There was also a book chapter in HIV/AIDS Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants (pp. 219-238): VR Preedy & RR Watson (Eds), Academic Press - Elsevier.
Words: Lihle Sosibo
Photograph: Supplied
author : .author email : .