Ucwaningo Ngokuphela Kwendawo Yokuhlala Amanqe Amakhulu Emhlabeni Luvelele Ngowezi-2021
Ukhozi lusesidlekeni ehlathini i-Amazon.Click here for English version
Ucwaningo lukaDkt Everton Miranda, obenza iziqu zobudokotela e-School of Life Sciences e-UKZN lushise izikhotha ngonyaka wama-2021 ngokuveza isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuvikela ihlathi ukuhlenga izinto eziyigugu ezidingeka ukuvikela inqe elikhulu emhlabeni, i-Harpia harpyja e-Amazon, eNingizimu Melika, kanti luphakathi kwamaphepha ocwaningo ngemvelo ayi-100 emaphepheni ocwaningo acela kwayi-2 000 ashicilelwe kwi-Nature’s Scientific Reports.
U-Miranda, ongumfundisi eState University eBrazil e-Mato Grosso, uthweswe iziqu zobudokotela e-UKZN ngoNhlaba wama-2021 ngemva kokwenza ucwaningo nge-Centre for Functional Biodiversity ngokwenza iqhinga lokuvikela inqe lase-Amazon Forest.
U-Miranda ubelulekwa ngocwaningo wuSolwazi Colleen Downs, i-South African Research (SARChI) Chair in Ecosystem Health and Biodiversity in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape noSolwazi Carlos Peres wase-University of East Anglia eNgilandi. Ucwaningo lwabo kwi-Scientific Reports lubheke izinto ezingaholela ekushabalaleni kwale nyoni ezingelayo yase-Amazon.
Lolu cwaningo olusihloko sithi: Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles, bekungelokuqala ukubheka umphumela wokushabalala kwehlathi empilweni yale nyoni. Ukushoda kwezinto ezidliwa yile nyoni kuvame ukuyixosha lapho ihlala khona, okusho ukuthi uma amandla ayo okuzingela engavikelekile, isengozini yokushabalala.
Ngemuva kokubheka amathambo nokusebenzisa amakhamera ukubheka izidleke zamanqe eziyi-16 emahlathini ase-Mato Grosso ayeselahlekelwe angama-85% ehlathi ngokwezithombe ze-satellite, ucwaningo luka-Miranda luveze ukuthi ngokwezinga eliqhubekayo lokuphela kwehlathi ‘i-Arc of Deforestation’ yase-Amazon ngeke ikwazi ukuhlenga izinyoni ezizalelayo.
Izinyoni ezizalelayo sezehle ngezi-3 000 kusukela maphakathi neminyaka yama-1980 kanti ngokwezinga eliphansi lokuzalela kwazo, ikusasa lezinyoni lisengozini.
Lolu cwaningo oluqhakanjiswe ezinkundleni zomhlaba, njenge-BBC News, luthole ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezi zinyoni luphila ngezilwane ezinamathambo njengezinkawu nezinyoni zehlathi eliphila ngokuzidla. Uma kushabalala izindawo ezihlala lezi zilwane nalezi zilwane - amanqe athuthela ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ezindaweni ezinjalo ezingenamahlathi, izinyoni zigcina ziswele ukudla.
Kulezo zindawo, amachwane amanqe agcina ebulawa yindlala noma awakwazi ukukhuliswa aze akwazi ukuzimela kanti ama-70% ezindawo esiphelelwe ngamahlathi azibi khona izidleke nokuzalela.
Endaweni ecwaningiwe, kusele ihlathi elingama-65% ngemuva kokugawulwa kwamahlathi okwenzeke eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, okuyisibalo esikhathazayo nokho.
Ukuze kuvikeleke lolu hlobo lwenqe, abacwaningi bathi kudingeka indawo eyihlathi engama-50% e-Amazon. Uma bandisa imiphumela, balinganise ukuthi indawo eyingxenye entathu kwengama-428 800km2 ‘ye-Arc of Deforestation’ yendawo abayicwaningile ngeke zikwazi ukuphila kuyona lezi zinyoni.
U-Miranda uthi isikhathi esincane sokuzalela kwamanqe kusho ukuthi mancane amathuba okusinda kwawo, baphetha ngokuthi ukuxhumana nehlathi, ukuthutha amachwane nokwandisa ukudla kwamachwane kumqoka ekutheni lezi zinyoni ziphile endaweni esishintshile.
Nakuba kunomqondo othi amanqe ayingozi ebantwini nasemfuyweni, okuholela ekubulaweni kwalezi zinyoni, okubalulwe ocwaningweni luka-Miranda, buncane ubufakazi obuveza ukuthi amanqe adla imfuyo ezindaweni ezingenamahlathi kanti ukubulawa kwawo kwenza isimo sibe nzima kakhulu.
Ucwaningo luphakamise ukuthi kube nemizamo yokuhlenga amahlathi ngokushesha ukuvikela amachwane amanqe isibalo sawo esigxile emahlathini ase-Amazon esinciphe ngama-40% kusukela ngeminyaka yama-2000.
Amagama: wu-Christine Cuénod
Isithombe: Sithunyelwe
author : .author email : .Isitshudeni Sakudala Se-Agromithiriyoloji Sithathe Amehlo Ngokuba Yi-Biotechnologist e-New York
UNks Minenhle Mkhize, i-biotechnologist ezinze eNew York.Click here for English version
UNks Minenhle Mkhize uthuthukisa amakhono akhe okuba yi-biotechnologist e-State of New York eMelika, ngenhloso yokwelekelela ukuqeda indlala nobubha e-Africa, kanti wukuqeqeshwa kwakhe e-UKZN okumenza aphumelele emsebenzini wakhe.
UMkhize, odabuka KwaMashu, eThekwini, uzizwa esekhaya uma ephakathi kwezinto zemvelo, kumenza elapheke ethakasela nobuhle. Ukukhathazwa yizenzo zokucekela phansi imvelo okwakukhinyabeza isimo sayo njengoba ayekhulele epulazini lezingodo likamkhulu wakhe eMpangeni, lapho ake abona khona ubunzima babalimi yikona okwamholela ekufundeleni izifundo zesayenzi yezemvelo. Waya kofunda e-James Nxumalo Agricultural High School, lapho enza khona iminyaka emibili yokugcina ngaphambi kokufundela isayenzi yezitshalo.
Wafunda e-UKZN ngemuva kokuthi umnewabo akuthanda ukufunda khona kanti wachazwa yigama le-UKZN emhlabeni nomsebenzi wayo wocwaningo. UMkhize wafunda ophikweni oluse-Westvillle ngaphambi kokuyoqhubeka eMgungundlovu ngonyaka wesibili waze wayoqeda lapho ayenza khona iziqu zehayidroloji nesayensi yenhlabathi.
Ukufunda kufaka nokuzithola ukuthi ungubani ngenkathi ehlangana nabantu abehlukene nemibono ehlukene, okumenze wakhula ekuzazini ukuthi ungubani. Izinselelo zemali zenza uMkhize wabhekana nobubha; wayeke aye emakilasini okubuyekeza izifundo elambile kwenye inkathi ambathe amakhethini, alale ngisho esikoleni. Nokho lezo zinselelo ziyinto ayohlale eyikhumbula futhi zamkhuthaza ukuthi aphumelele.
Waqeda i-Bachelor of Science, walandelisa nge-Postgraduate Diploma in Food Security, kwathi ngowezi-2019, ngenxa yokuxhaswa nguMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho neZemvelo waKwaZulu-Natal, wathola iMasitazi kwi-Agrimithiroloji ngemva kokucwaninga ngezindlela ezintsha zezolimo njengoba kudlange ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Wacwaninga ngokucija abalimi, abashayimthetho nososayensi ukuthi balungele izindlela zokulima zesimanje.
‘Ngiyajabula ukuthi ngafunda e-UKZN ngoba izinga lemfundo engilitholile lingivulele iminyango,’ kusho uMkhize.
Ngemuva kokuqeda iMasitazi, uMkhize usebenze ezinkampanini zezithombo zaseNingizimu Afrika ngaphambi kokuyothwasela umsebenzi e-Intergrow Greenhouse eMelika, lapho aphumelela ngamalengiso khona ekubeni yithwasa, washeshe wakhushulelwa ekubeni yi-biologist. Wasebenza ngezindlela zokunqanda izinambuzane ngezindlela zezemvelo ezindaweni ezihlala kuzona. Imuva lakhe lesayensi lamenza waqonda futhi wakwazi ukuxazulula izinselelo eziningi.
UMkhize manje usebenza e-BioWorks, lapho ebheke khona izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ucwaningo enkampanini yonke nokuqhamuka nezindlela ezintsha zezinto zokubulala izinambuzane ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali njengoba eyi-Research and Development Biotechnologist.
‘Leli yithuba elikhulu nenselelo enkulu. Ngithola ulwazi namakhono okukhulu kodwa ngibona ngikweleta iNingizimu Afrika ngoba izindlela zezolimo zisilele futhi kunomsebenzi omningi odinga ukwenziwa kanti ngibona ukuthi nginomsebenzi wokuvala lelo gebe.’ kusho yena.
Ngemuva kokuthola amakhono ngezifundo zakhe nokuvakashela amazwe okukhona i-India kuwona, uMkhize unentshisekelo yokusebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe ukwenza izindlela zolimo zaseNingizimu Afrika zithembeke, ziphephe futhi zibe nekusasa. Manje usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuseqophelweni bezindawo zokuvikela izitshalo emakhazeni lapho kulawulwa khona izinga lomoya nelamanzi, izikhathi zokunisela zicushwa khona futhi kulawuleka nokutholakala komsoco odingwa yizitshalo.
UMkhize unesifiso sokuphucula isimo senhlalo semiphakathi ethintwe yisimo sezulu esiguquguqukayo nokuyilungiselela ingomuso ngokwethula izindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto ezizokwenza abantu bakwazi ukushintsha ukwenza kanti uthi isimo sezulu esiguquguqukayo siyingozi enkulu emkhiqizweni otshaliwe kanti lokhu kuthinta abantu abahluphekayo kakhulu lapho bezama khona ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima.
‘Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, isimo semvelo sishintsha ngesivinini kanti kwenye inkathi lokhu akulungile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo,’ kusho yena.
‘Esimweni sokushintsha-shintsha kwezulu, abalimi kudingeka bandise izinto abakwazi ukuzilawula ukwandisa umkhiqizo, kanti ngifisa ukubona ubuchwepheshe obunjengalobu eNingizimu Afrika oluzosebenza ngokufaka wonke umuntu ezimweni ezingezinhle esizobhekana nazo,’ kuqhuba yena.
UMkhize uthi impumelelo yakhe ingenxa yamandla awathola okholweni lwakhe kuNkulunkulu, wabonga abazali bakhe uNkk Busisiwe noMnu Mandlenkosi Mkhize ngokumeseka njalo. Uthe abeluleki bakhe kwiMasitazi uSolwazi Alistair Clulow noDkt Simon Taylor baqiniseke impumelelo yakhe ezifundweni benza uhambo lwakhe lwaba lula, wabonga iqhaza le-UKZN ngokumhlinzeka ngamathuba okukhula nokuphumelela ezifundweni.
UMkhize ukhuthaze izitshudeni ukuthi zisebenzise ubunzima nokwehluleka ukuthi kube yindlela yokukhula ngokwengqondo, wathi izitshudeni kufanele zisebenzise ikhono lokucabanga zijule ezikuthola ngeziqu, zisebenzise amathalente azo ukuphucula umhlaba nokufeza amaphupho azo.
Amagama: wu-Christine Cuénod
Isithombe: Sithunyelwe
author : .author email : .USolwazi Wase-UKZN Ushicilele Incwadi Ngokuqeqesha Odokotela Nemfundo Ephakeme e-Africa
USolwazi Radhamany Sooryamoorthy (kwesobunxele) nencwadi entsha (ephakathi) ayishicilele noDkt Christine Scherer (kwesokudla).Click here for English version
USolwazi weSosiyoloji u-Radhamany Sooryamoorthy waseKolishi le-Humanities ubambisane noDkt Christine Scherer wase-University of Bayreuth eJalimane ukuhlela ngokubambisana incwadi ethi Doctoral Training and Higher Education in Africa.
Le ncwadi ishicilelwe yi-Routledge e-New York nase-London.
Le ncwadi ibheka kabanzi umlando, imanje nengomuso kokuqeqeshwa kodokotela nemfundo ephakeme e-Afrika. Ihlanganisa ubungcweti bocwaningo nobamava, le ncwadi yethula uhlaka nezimo kwesigaba sobudokotela nokuthi izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme, abeluleka abantu abacwaningayo, abacija abacwaningi nabacwaningi abasafufusa babhekana kanjani nezinselelo zokuqeqeshwa mihla namalanga. Le ncwadi ibheka ucwaningo olwehlukene ngamazwe ase-Afrika.
U-Sooryamoorthy uthe: ‘Akukhathalekile ukuthi yiliphi izwe noma isifunda, ubumqoka bokuqeqesha ezingeni lobudokotela nokukhiqiza odokotela kuyanda. Njengoba iyinsika yemfundo ephakeme nje, imfundo yobudokotela ngeke inganakwa ngokuba kubekwe eqhulwini intuthuko yezwe ngokwesayensi nokomnotho. Ne-Afrika ayehlukile ngalokhu. Ngakho iso ligxile ohlotsheni lwemfundo etholwa ngabantu abenza iziqu zobudokotela nohlobo lweziqu zobudokotela ezenziwayo.’
U-Scherer wengeze ngokuthi: ‘Njengoba uhlobo lokuqeqesha abantu abenza iziqu zobudokotela luthinta intuthuko yezizwe, kunemizamo emisha eyenziwe ngabantu okungumsebenzi wabo. Kulokhu kugqama izinto ezithinta imvelaphi, umumo nezisekelo zolwazi lwabantu. Kanjalo nesimo sabantu abafundela ubudokotela, izifundo, izinsizakusebenza nobudlelwano naso sibalulekile. Sekuke kwazanywa izindlela ezahlukene zokuqeqesha odokotela, zakhipha imiphumela ehlukene.’
Le ncwadi ibheka izinto ezinjengokukwazi ukuthola imfundo, ukuphuma uhlwaya izitshudeni, izindawo zokuxhaswa, ubungcweti bezingcweti, ukubhalisa nokungaqedi ukufunda emazweni amaningi ahlukene njengeNingizimu Afrika, iMozambique, iTopiya, iNigeria, iBenin, iGhana neMorocco.
Le ncwadi izoba yinqolobane enhle emkhakheni wemfundo ephakeme nakwabashaya imithetho, abacwaningi nezifundiswa ezinothando lwemfundo ephakeme e-Afrika.
Eyincoma uSolwazi wase-Stellenbosch University u-Johann Mouton, uthe: ‘Le ncwadi iqukethe ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu nolusha ngezibalo ngezifundo zobudokotela emazweni akhethiweyo, okuyinto esike yabalulwa kwamanye amaphepha ocwaningo amaningi. Ngakho abahleli bale ncwadi kufanele banconywe ngokuhlanganisa iqoqo elihle kanjena, “lolu cwaningo ngamazwe ehlukene” kanjalo nangezihloko ezithinta wonke amazwe e-Afrika. Le ncwadi kufanele ifundwe yizo zonke izifundiswa ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme, izimenenja e-Africa noma ngubani emhlabeni othanda lesi sihloko.’
Amakhophi encwadi atholakala ku: https://www.routledge.com/Doctoral-Training-and-Higher-Education-in-Africa/Scherer-Sooryamoorthy/p/book/9781032025667.
Amagama: wu-Melissa Mungroo
Izithombe: Zithunyelwe
author : .author email : .I-UKZN Ihlele Isemina Ngekusasa Lezobudokotela
UDkt Amy Booth.Click here for English version
I-School of Clinical Medicine besihlele isemina esihloko sithi: First, DO NO HARM. But what about the planet?
Le semina ibihlelwe ngokuhlanganyela nezitshudeni ezenza ucwaningo ezifundweni zeziqu zokuqala oMnu Mohamed Suleman, uNks Zinhle Mzobe noNks Rivona Harricharan; noDkt Munira Motala we-School of Clinical Medicine, Ongumholi weZokufundisa noKufunda, uDkt Reratilwe Mphahlele, ofundisa eMnyangweni we-Paediatrics and Child Health noSolwazi Ncoza Dlova, iDini neNhloko yeSikole.
Inkulumo exukuza ugebhezi yethulwe nguDkt Amy Booth, udokotela owaphumelela iziqu zakhe ngamalengiso u-summa cum laude nowathola indondo yegolide eNyuvesi yase-Cape Town. U-Booth uveze uhlangothi lweNingizimu Afrika ngomphumela wemvelo ezinhlelweni zokwelapha zaseNingizimu Afrika, ukuthi umsebenzi wabantu abelaphayo unaliphi iqhaza ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu nokuthi yini abangayenza ukuvikela imvelo.
‘Iqiniso wukuthi sekufikile ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanti kuzoqala ukubonakala kakhulu ezinyangeni ezizayo, hhayi eminyakeni ezayo. Sesike sabhekana nezimo zesimo sezulu ezinzima eNingizimu Afrika eminyakeni edlule njengesomiso, izikhukhula, imililo namazinga okushisa angaphezu kwama-40°C kwezinye izindawo. Sonke kudingeka sibambe iqhaza ekuvikeleni imvelo ngoba indaba yemvelo yinto emqoka engacwaningiwe kakhulu futhi yabhekwa,’ kusho u-Booth.
Ezempilo zinomphumela omkhulu wokungcolisa umoya, olinganiswela kuma-4-5% womoya ongcolile emhlabeni. Zikhiqiza umthamo omkhulu wezinto eziyiplastiki nodoti oyingozi futhi zisebenzisa izinkampani ezikhiqiza imithi eziconsa zilimaze imvelo. Umkhakha wezokwelapha uwonke (ohlanganisa ukukhiqiza imithi, izinto zokwelapha, ukudla kweziguli, izinto zokuhlanza, njll.) yinto engelula neneqhaza elikhulu kwezempilo elingcolisa umoya.
U-Booth uphethe inkulumo yakhe ngokwelulela abantu abasebenza kwezimpilo ukuthi bacabange ukonga imvelo, bashintshe indlela abenza izinto ngayo ezinhlanganweni zabo, bonge imvelo, basebenzise imithi yokuvikela ukugula, bafundise futhi babengamashoshozela okuthi izimboni azikhiqize izinto ezonga imvelo, benze ucwaningo ngale nto futhi bacabange ngezindlela ezintsha.
Kumanje uphothula iPhD e-Oxford University, kanti ufisa ukusebenzisa ucwaningo ukufundisa nokweluleka izinhlangano zabelaphi, ohulumeni nezinhlangano ezinjenge-World Health Organization, izimboni zezempilo nabantu abelaphayo ukuthi bangaqhubeka kanjani ukuvikela imvelo eNingizimu Afrika nasemhlabeni.
I-School of Clinical Medicine sithemba ukuthi le semina izokwethula izingxoxo ezizoqhubeka ngezihloko ezihlukene, ikakhulu lezi ezingekho ezifundweni. Lesi sithangami siholwa ngabafundi abenza iziqu zokuqala ukucija izitshudeni ukuthi zibe ngabacwaningi, izifundiswa nongoti bezempilo abangcono.
Amagama: wuMandisa Shozi
Isithombe: Sithunyelwe
author : .author email : .Isitshudeni Se-Humanities Sinqobe Owocwaningo Oluvelele KumaMKI Research and Innovation Awards
UMnu Mphathesithe Mkhize, isitshudeni sezobudokotela kwezeNqubo yoMphakathi ephethe indondo yakhe.Click here for English version
Isitshudeni esenza iziqu zobudokotela kwezeNqubo yoMphakathi uMnu Mphathesithe Mkhize uphume phambili emkhakheni wocwaningo kuma-Moses Kotane Institute (MKI) Research and Innovation Awards asanda kwenziwa e-ICC eThekwini.
Udle umhlanganiso ngocwaningo lwakhe lweMasitazi.
‘Ngikholwa wukuthi lo mklomelo uzokhuthaza abantu abaningi ukuthi benze izinto ezinkulu, ikakhulu intsha enothando lokwenza ucwaningo oluthinta impilo yabantu nezinikele ekushintsheni impilo yabantu. Yintsha esikhuthaza ukuthi senze izinto ezinkulu. Yingakho kudingeka ukuthi nayo ibongwe ngomsebenzi wayo omkhulu,’ kusho yena.
Ucwaningo lwakhe oluthi, Localising the Sustainable Development Goals in Rural Municipalities through Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships: A case study of Nkandla Local Municipality lubheke iqhaza likahulumeni wendawo ekwenzeni izinjongo zeNhlangano Yezizwe i-Sustainable Development Goals (ama-SDG) ngokobudlelwano babalingani abehlukene ukufeza izinjongo zangomuso.
Ukholwa wukuthi izinkinga zomhlaba ezigabhe umphakathi zingaxazululwa ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zomphakathi ngendlela efanele. ‘Ucwaningo lwami luphosa esivivaneni sama-SDG nokwandisa emkhakheni wocwaningo ukuthi uhambisane nezindawo ngokwezinhlelo zeNhlangano Yezizwe.’ Uphakamisa ukuthi omasipala abancane baphucule ubudlelwano obunjalo ukuze bafeze imigomo ye-Agenda 2030.
UMkhize ubonga umeluleki wakhe wocwaningo uDkt Cheryl Mohamed Sayeed omenze wakwazi ukukhula njengomcwaningi osafufusa ukuthi lwenziwa kanjani ucwaningo olunemiphumela ebonakalayo.
Ekhuluma ngomsebenzi kaMkhize, u-Sayeed uthe: ‘Lo mklomelo uwubufakazi bokuzinikela nokubekezela kukaMphathesithe ukwenza ucwaningo oluseqophelweni eliphezulu nolukwazi ukwenza izinto ezinkulu. Yonke imihlangano ubeyithatha njengethuba lokufunda. Lokhu kuvuleleka kwakhe ezindleleni ezihlukene zokucabanga nokwenza ucwaningo kwenze kwaba lula ukumeluleka.’
Eluleka ezinye izitshudeni, uMkhize uthe: ‘Abacwaningi abasafufusa kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi baba nothando locwaningo ukuze bazuze okukhulu kwabafuna ukukucwaninga.’
Amagama: wu-Melissa Mungroo
Isithombe: Sithunyelwe
author : .author email : .